Table 2 Microbial skin counts prior to and during preoperative skin antisepsis
Microbial skin counts/pathogensa | Timing | P-value for difference (paint 2 vs. 3) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Prior to skin antisepsisb | After 2nd paint | After 3rd paint | ||
Overall | ||||
\( \sqrt{\mathrm{CFU}}, \) mean (SD) | 11.2 (47.5) | 0.5 (5.5) | 0.1 (0.6) | 0.2 |
CFU, median | 7.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.002 |
CFU, IQR | 1.0 to 79.8 | 0.0 to 0.0 | 0.0 to 0.0 | |
CFU, range | 0.0 to 50,000.0 | 0.0 to 7000.0 | 0.0 to 33.0 | |
No. patients with 0 CFU (%) | 30 (12.6) | 203 (86.0) | 224 (94.5) | 0.003 |
No. patients with > 5 CFU (%) | 126 (52.9) | 5 (2.1) | 3 (1.3) | 0.9 |
No. patients with ≥1 pathogensc detected (%) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0.5 |
No. patients with insufficient microbial reductiona,d (%) | 0 (0) | 6 (2.5) | 3 (1.3) | 0.5 |
Povidone iodine subgroup | ||||
\( \sqrt{\mathrm{CFU}}, \) mean (SD) | 13.7 (60.2) | 0.9 (7.0) | 0.2 (0.72) | 0.2 |
CFU, median | 8.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.002 |
CFU, IQR | 1.0 to 84.0 | 0.0 to 0.0 | 0.0 to 0.0 | |
CFU, range | 0.0 to 50,000.0 | 0.0 to 7000.0 | 0.0 to 33.0 | |
No. patients with 0 CFU (%) | 18 (12.5) | 114 (80.2) | 133 (93.0) | 0.002 |
No. patients with > 5 CFU (%) | 80 (55.2) | 5 (3.5) | 3 (2.1) | 0.7 |
No. patients with ≥1 pathogensc detected (%) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 0.7 |
No. patients with insufficient microbial reductiona,d (%) | 0 (0) | 6 (4.2) | 3 (2.1) | 0.5 |
Chlorhexidine subgroup | ||||
\( \sqrt{\mathrm{CFU}}, \) mean (SD) | 7.5 (12.4) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.03 (0.2) | 0.4 |
CFU, median | 5.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
CFU, IQR | 1.0 to 60.0 | 0.0 to 0.0 | 0.0 to 0.0 | |
CFU, range | 0.0 to 5000.0 | 0.0 to 2.0 | 0.0 to 1.0 | |
No. patients with 0 CFU (%) | 12 (12.8) | 89 (95.0) | 91 (97.0) | 0.7 |
No. patients with > 5 CFU (%) | 46 (48.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ─ |
No. patients with ≥1 pathogensc detected (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ─ |
No. patients with insufficient microbial reductiona,d (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ─ |