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Table 7 Consensus P. mirabilis-SCDR1 antibiotic Resistome

From: Genome sequencing and analysis of the first spontaneous Nanosilver resistant bacterium Proteus mirabilis strain SCDR1

Source

Source Organism

Gene

Product

Function

Query Coverage

Identity

E-value

ARDB

P. mirabilis ATCC 29906

tetAJ

Tetracycline efflux protein TetA

Major facilitator superfamily transporter, tetracycline efflux pump.

97

95

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

tetAJ

Tetracycline efflux protein TetA

Major facilitator superfamily transporter, tetracycline efflux pump.

97

94

0

ARDB

P. mirabilis HI4320

tetAJ

Tetracycline efflux protein TetA

Major facilitator superfamily transporter, tetracycline efflux pump.

80

99

2e-74

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

gyrA

DNA gyrase subunit A (EC 5.99.1.3)

Point mutation of Escherichia coli gyrA resulted in the lowered affinity between fluoroquinolones and gyrA. Thus, conferring resistance

98

99

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

baeR

Response regulator BaeR

BaeR is a response regulator that promotes the expression of MdtABC and AcrD efflux complexes.

100

99

2e-171

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

baeS

Sensory histidine kinase BaeS

BaeS is a sensor kinase in the BaeSR regulatory system. While it phosphorylates BaeR to increase its activity.

100

99

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

mdtC

Multidrug transporter MdtC

MdtC is a transporter that forms a hetero-multimer complex with MdtB to form a multidrug transporter. MdtBC is part of the MdtABC-TolC efflux complex.

100

99

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

mdtB

Multidrug transporter MdtB

MdtB is a transporter that forms a heteromultimer complex with MdtC to form a multidrug transporter. MdtBC is part of the MdtABC-TolC efflux complex.

100

99

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

mdtA

RND efflux system, membrane fusion protein

MdtA is the membrane fusion protein of the multidrug efflux complex mdtABC.

100

98

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

folP

Dihydropteroate synthase (EC 2.5.1.15)

Point mutations in dihydropteroate synthase folP prevent sulfonamide antibiotics from inhibiting its role in folate synthesis, thus conferring sulfonamide resistance.

100

100

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

soxR

Redox-sensitive transcriptional activator SoxR

SoxR is a sensory protein that upregulates soxS expression in the presence of redox-cycling drugs. This stress response leads to the expression many multidrug efflux pumps.

100

100

0

CARD

Shigella dysenteriae Sd197

ompR

Two-component system response regulator OmpR

Transcriptional regulatory protein

99

87

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

emrR

Transcriptional repressor MprA

EmrR is a negative regulator for the EmrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump in E. coli. Mutations lead to EmrAB-TolC overexpression.

100

100

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

emrA

Multidrug resistance protein ErmA

EmrA is a membrane fusion protein, providing an efflux pathway with EmrB and TolC between the inner and outer membranes of E. coli, a Gram-negative bacterium.

95

96

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

acrE

Membrane fusion component of tripartite multidrug resistance system

AcrEF-TolC is a tripartite multidrug efflux system similar to AcrAB-TolC and found in Gram-negative bacteria. AcrE is the membrane fusion protein, AcrF is the inner membrane transporter, and TolC is the outer membrane channel protein.

100

98

3e-44

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

emrB

Multidrug resistance protein ErmB

emrB is a translocase in the emrB -TolC efflux protein in E. coli. It recognizes substrates including carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), nalidixic acid, and thioloactomycin.

100

99

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

rpoB

DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta subunit (EC 2.7.7.6)

Mutations in rpoB gene confers antibiotic resistance (Daptomycin and Rifamycin)

100

99

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

tufB

Translation elongation factor Tu

Sequence variants of elongation factor Tu confer resistance to elfamycin antibiotics.

100

100

1e-43

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

cpxA

Copper sensory histidine kinase CpxA

cpxA mutant confer resistant to amikacin

94

99

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

cpxR

Copper-sensing two-component system response regulator CpxR

CpxR is a regulator that promotes acrD expression when phosphorylated by a cascade involving CpxA, a sensor kinase. Cefepime and chloramphenicol

100

100

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

emrD

Multidrug resistance protein D

EmrD is a multidrug transporter from the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) primarily found in Escherichia coli. EmrD couples efflux of amphipathic compounds with proton import across the plasma membrane.

100

99

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

macA

Macrolide-specific efflux protein MacA

MacA is a membrane fusion protein that forms an antibiotic efflux complex with MacB and TolC.

100

99

3e-177

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

macB

Macrolide export ATP-binding/permease protein MacB (EC 3.6.3.-)

MacB is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that exports macrolides with 14- or 15- membered lactones. It forms an antibiotic efflux complex with MacA and TolC.

100

98

0

ARDB

P. mirabilis ATCC 29906

cat

Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.28)

Group A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, which can inactivate chloramphenicol.

99

93

6e-150

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

cat

Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.28)

Group A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, which can inactivate chloramphenicol.

99

93

4e-151

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

acrR

Transcription repressor of multidrug efflux pump acrAB operon, TetR (AcrR) family

AcrR is a repressor of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux complex. AcrR mutations result in high level antibiotic resistance.

100

95

9e-25

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

acrR

Transcriptional regulator of acrAB operon, AcrR

AcrR is a repressor of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux complex. AcrR mutations result in high level antibiotic resistance.

93

95

2e-114

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

acrA

RND efflux system, membrane fusion protein

Protein subunit of AcrA-AcrB-TolC multidrug efflux complex. AcrA represents the periplasmic portion of the transport protein.

100

99

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

mdtK

Multi antimicrobial extrusion protein (Na(+)/drug antiporter), MATE family of MDR efflux pumps

A multidrug and toxic compound extrusions (MATE) transporter conferring resistance to norfloxacin, doxorubicin and acriflavine.

98

99

3e-164

CARD

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Agona str. SL483

hns

DNA-binding protein H-NS

H-NS is a histone-like protein involved in global gene regulation in Gram-negative bacteria. It is a repressor of the membrane fusion protein genes acrE, mdtE, and emrK as well as nearby genes of many RND-type multidrug exporters.

100

80

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

tufB

Translation elongation factor Tu

Sequence variants of elongation factor Tu confer resistance to elfamycin antibiotics.

100

99

0

CARD

Shigella dysenteriae Sd197

crp

Cyclic AMP receptor protein

CRP is a global regulator that represses MdtEF multidrug efflux pump expression.

100

98

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

emrE

Ethidium bromide-methyl viologen resistance protein EmrE

EmrE is a small multidrug transporter that functions as a homodimer and that couples the efflux of small polyaromatic cations from the cell with the import of protons down an electrochemical gradient. EmrE is found in E. coli and P. aeruginosa.

100

99

6e-73

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

mdtK

Multi antimicrobial extrusion protein (Na(+)/drug antiporter), MATE family of MDR efflux pumps

A multidrug and toxic compound extrusions (MATE) transporter conferring resistance to norfloxacin, doxorubicin and acriflavine.

100

100

2e-113

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

NIA

Putative transport protein

NIA

100

94

7e-59

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

NIA

Multidrug resistance protein

NIA

99

96

2e-112

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

parC

Topoisomerase I subunit A (EC 5.99.1.-)

ParC is a subunit of topoisomerase IV, which decatenates and relaxes DNA to allow access to genes for transcription or translation. Point mutations in ParC prevent fluoroquinolone antibiotics from inhibiting DNA synthesis, and confer low-level resistance. Higher-level resistance results from both gyrA and parC mutations.

99

99

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

parE

Topoisomerase IV subunit B (EC 5.99.1.-)

ParE is a subunit of topoisomerase IV, necessary for cell survival. Point mutations in ParE prevent fluoroquinolones from inhibiting DNA synthesis, thus conferring resistance.

100

99

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

tolC

Type I secretion outer membrane protein, TolC precursor

TolC is a protein subunit of many multidrug efflux complexes in Gram negative bacteria. It is an outer membrane efflux protein and is constitutively open. Regulation of efflux activity is often at its periplasmic entrance by other components of the efflux complex.

100

99

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

mdtH

MFS superfamily export protein YceL

Multidrug resistance protein MdtH

100

99

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

phoP

Transcriptional regulatory protein PhoP

A mutant phoP activates pmrHFIJKLM expression responsible for L-aminoarabinose synthesis and polymyxin resistance, by way of alteration of negative charge

100

99

5e-165

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

phoQ

Sensor histidine kinase PhoQ (EC 2.7.13.3)

Mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PhoQ of the two-component PhoPQ regulatory system. Presence of mutation confers resistance to colistin

90

99

0

CARD

P. mirabilis BB2000

phoQ

Sensor histidine kinase PhoQ (EC 2.7.13.3)

Mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PhoQ of the two-component PhoPQ regulatory system. Presence of mutation confers resistance to colistin

98

98

1e-45

  1. Evidence: BLASTP, NIA: No information available, ARDB: Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database, CARD: Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database
  2. • MdtC: In the absence of MdtB, MdtC can form a homomultimer complex that results in a functioning efflux complex with a narrower drug specificity
  3. • MdtABC-TolC https://card.mcmaster.ca/ontology/37167
  4. • Elongation factor Tu is required for peptide elongation in bacterial protein synthesis
  5. • cpxA http://www.uniprot.org/citations/2185221
  6. • cpxR Srinivasan VB, et al. 2012. PLoS One 7(4): E33777. Role of the two component signal transduction system CpxAR in conferring cefepime and chloramphenicol resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae NTUH-K2044. (PMID 22496764)
  7. • MacAB-TolC: MacAB-TolC is an ABC efflux pump complex expressed in E. coli and Salmonella enterica. It confers resistance to macrolides, including erythromycin