Skip to main content

Table 4 Carbapenem resistance (R) and resistance determinants in Klebsiella spp. isolates: data from all years

From: Review and analysis of the overlapping threats of carbapenem and polymyxin resistant E. coli and Klebsiella in Africa

    

Findings in reports from all study years meeting criteria for generalizability

Identified resistance determinants

Nations

Number of reports

Specimens in all reports

Any R

Reports meeting criteria

Total specimens meeting criteria

Range of specimens among studies

Resistant specimens (#)

Resistant specimens (%)

Algeria

37

2174

Y

12

1968

24–608

25

1.3

KPC-3, NDM, NDM-1, OXA-48, VIM-19

Angola

2

49

Y

0

0

–

–

–

NDM-1, NDM-5, OXA-181

Benin

2

51

Y

1

41

–

1

2.4

 

Botswana

1

40

N

0

0

–

–

–

 

Burkina Faso

13

297

N

4

242

20–109

0

0

 

Cameroon

7

299

Y

4

276

28–99

5

1.8

 

CAR

3

77

N

2

67

24–43

0

0

 

Chad

4

87

Y

3

86

23–35

1

1.2

OXA

Congo

1

12

Y

0

0

–

–

–

 

Côte d'Ivoire

5

237

Y

4

229

22–107

0

0

 

DRC

2

167

Y

2

167

21–146

1

0.6

 

Egypt

125

7320

Y

59

5501

20–594

1545

28.1

KPC, KPC-2, IMP, IMP-1, NDM, NDM-1, OXA-48, VIM, VIM-1, VIM-2

Equatorial Guinea

1

30

Y

1

30

–

1

3.3

 

Ethiopia

27

808

Y

9

675

30–154

78

11.6

KPC, NDM-1

Gabon

5

161

Y

2

146

67–79

0

0

NDM-7

Gambia

1

9

Y

0

0

–

–

–

 

Ghana

15

537

Y

10

505

20–107

85

16.8

NDM, OXA-48

Guinea-Bissau

1

91

N

1

91

–

0

0

 

Kenya

25

1471

Y

15

1419

25–272

131

9.2

KPC, NDM, NDM-1, NDM-5, OXA-48, OXA-58, VIM

Libya

22

709

Y

8

514

24–158

202

39.3

KPC, NDM, NDM-1, OXA-48

Madagascar

12

472

Y

6

418

22–122

13

3.1

NDM-1

Malawi

7

1315

Y

2

1276

173–1103

60

4.7

KPC-2, OXA-48

Mali

2

67

Y

2

67

26–41

7

10.4

 

Mauritania

1

137

N

1

137

–

0

0

 

Mauritius

6

235

Y

2

222

104–118

13

5.9

NDM-1, OXA-181

Morocco

39

1784

Y

10

1380

24–389

69

5

IMP-1, NDM-1, OXA-48, VIM-1

Mozambique

4

63

N

1

21

–

0

0

 

Namibia

5

313

Y

2

303

23–280

1

0.3

 

Niger

2

21

N

0

0

–

–

–

 

Nigeria

80

4111

Y

42

3524

21–600

318

9

GES, NDM, NDM-1, NDM-5, OXA, OXA-48, OXA-181, VIM

Rwanda

6

1222

Y

5

1214

22–975

108

8.9

 

Sao Tome and Principe

1

4

Y

0

0

–

–

–

OXA-181

Senegal

11

249

Y

5

173

21–40

2

1.2

OXA-48

Sierra Leone

4

15

Y

0

0

–

–

–

DIM-1, OXA-58, VIM

South Africa

109

45,588

Y

53

42,915

20–15,589

4214

9.8

KPC, KPC-2, GES, IMP, NDM, NDM-1, OMP, OXA, OXA-48, OXA-181, OXA-232, VIM, VIM-1

Sudan

10

988

Y

5

940

21–404

98

10.4

IMP, NDM

Tanzania

26

947

Y

14

790

20–139

16

2

KPC, IMP, NDM, OXA-48, VIM

Togo

4

165

Y

1

86

–

3

3.5

OXA-181

Tunisia

70

12,842

Y

26

12,117

21–2826

1417

11.7

KPC, NDM, NDM-1, OMP, OXA-48, OXA-58, OXA-232, VIM, VIM-4

Uganda

16

319

Y

3

116

22–55

14

12.1

KPC, IMP, NDM-1, OXA-48, VIM

Zambia

4

683

Y

4

683

58–432

435

63.7

 

Zimbabwe

1

130

Y

1

130

–

10

7.7

 

All reporting countries

719

86,296

Y

322

78,469

20–15,589

8873

11.3**

 
  1. Y One or more resistant isolates identified phenotypically or genotypically
  2. N No resistant isolates identified phenotypically or genotypically
  3. **Calculation should not be considered an estimate of overall resistance due to varying totals of specimens meeting criteria across nations
  4. –Data not available
Back to article page

Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control

ISSN: 2047-2994

Contact us