From: Ethanol is indispensable for virucidal hand antisepsis: memorandum from the alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) Task Force, WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, and the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
ABHR based on
Application
Median maximum blood level (mg/L)
Baseline (mg/L) for each alcohol [98,99,100,101, 103]
Increase above baseline
References
Ethanol
10 surgical hand rubs (each 3Â min) within 80Â min
11
0.07
157-fold
[102]
1-Propanol 70% w/w
18
 < 0.01
 > 1,800-fold
[103]
2-Propanol 63% w/w
10
 < 0.001
 > 10,000-fold