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Table 3 Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of 95 isolates of A. baumannii, and MIC reductions of the antibiotics in exposure to PAβN

From: Characteristics and diversity of mutations in regulatory genes of resistance-nodulation-cell division efflux pumps in association with drug-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii

Antimicrobial agents

Disk diffusion

Without PAβN/with PAβN (25 µg/ml)

S no. (%)

I no. (%)

R no (%)

MIC range (µg/ml)

MIC50 (µg/ml)

MIC90 (µg/ml)

S no. (%)

I no. (%)

R no. (%)

Imipenema

2 (2)

6 (6)

87 (92)

0.38–32/0.38–32

32/32

32/32

1 (1)/1 (1)

0/0

94 (99)/94 (99)

Meropenem

1 (1)

0

94 (99)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Doripenem

0

1 (1)

94 (99)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Cefotaxime

0

1 (1)

94 (99)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Ceftazidime

1 (1)

0

94 (99)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Cefepimea

1 (1)

7 (7)

87 (92)

3–256/3–256

256/96

256/256

1 (1)/1 (1)

0/0

94 (99)/94 (99)

Ampicillin-Sulbactam

12 (13)

22 (23)

61 (64)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Ticarcillin-clavulanic

1 (1)

0

94 (99)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Piperacillin-Tazobactam

0

0

95 (100)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Gentamicina

5 (5)

16 (17)

74 (78)

0.75–256/0.38–256

96/32

256/256

4 (4)/4 (4)

6 (6)/14 (15)

85 (90)/77 (81)

Amikacin

11 (12)

7 (7)

77 (81)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Tobramycin

46 (48)

2 (2)

47 (50)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Tetracycline

6 (6)

22 (23)

67 (71)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Minocycline

76 (80)

12 (13)

7 (7)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Tigecyclinea

–

–

–

0.016–16/0.016–12

4/2

12/6

25 (26)/58 (61)

31 (33)/20 (21)

39 (41)/17 (18)

Cotrimoxazole

1 (1)

0

94 (99)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Levofloxacina

1 (1)

0

94 (99)

0.064–32/0.064–32

32/12

32/32

2 (2)/2 (2)

13 (14)/13 (14)

80 (84)/80 (84)

Ciprofloxacin

1 (1)

1 (1)

93 (98)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Gatifloxacin

2 (2)

0

93 (98)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Colistinb

–

–

–

0.047–1.0

0.75

1.0

–

–

–

  1. Disks concentration: imipenem, 10 µg; meropenem, 10 µg; doripenem, 10 µg; cefotaxime, 30 µg; ceftazidime, 30 µg; cefepime, 30 µg; ampicillin-sulbactam, 10/10 µg; ticarcillin-clavulanic, 75/10 µg; piperacillin-tazobactam, 100/10 µg; gentamicin, 10 µg; amikacin, 30 µg; tobramycin, 10 µg; tetracycline, 30 µg; minocycline, 30 µg; trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 1.25/23.75 µg; levofloxacin, 5 µg; ciprofloxacin, 5 µg; Gatifloxacin, 5 µg
  2. PAβN, phenylalanine-arginine beta-naphthylamide; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; MIC50 and MIC90, MIC for 50% and 90% of the isolates, respectively. Changes in MIC and AST pattern after addition of PAβN, are shown in bold
  3. aMIC of these antibiotics is determined with and without PAβN efflux pump inhibitor
  4. bSince disk diffusion is not accepted for colistin AST, its MIC was assessed according to CLSI