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Table 2 Characteristics and antibiotic resistance profile of the Gram–negative multidrug-resistant organisms

From: Poor infection prevention and control standards are associated with environmental contamination with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and other multidrug-resistant bacteria in Swiss companion animal clinics

Insti-tution

Species

Represen-tative strain

Origin (n=)

ST

β-lactamase genes

Antibiotic resistance profilea

SMX

(≥512)

TMP

(>4)

CIP

(>0.5)

TET

(≥16)

MERO

(>8)

(ESBL screen >0.125)

AZI

NAb

NAL

(≥32)

FOT

(>2)

(ESBL screen >1)

CHL

(>8)

TGC

(>2)

TAZ

(>4)

(ESBL screen >1)

COL

(>2)

AMP

(>8)

GEN

(>4)

Env

Empl

A

E. coli

M_054

 

1

73

 

32

≤0.25

≤0.015

≤2

≤0.03

4

≤4

≤0.25

≤8

≤0.25

≤0.5

16

4

≤0.5

E. coli

M_042

 

1

543

 

32

≤0.25

≤0.015

≤2

≤0.03

≤2

≤4

≤0.25

≤8

≤0.25

≤0.5

16

4

2

E. coli

M_064

 

1

2640

 

32

≤0.25

≤0.015

≤2

≤0.03

4

≤4

≤0.25

≤8

≤0.25

≤0.5

8

2

≤0.5

E. coli

M_054

 

1

1193

CTX-M-15

16

≤0.25

>8

≤2

≤0.03

4

>128

>4

≤8

≤0.25

4

≤1

>64

16

E. coli

M_050

 

1

167

NDM-5/ CMY-2/TEM-30

>1024

>32

>8

>64

>16

>64

>128

>4

>128

≤0.25

>8

≤1

>64

32

E. coli

M_018

 

1

131

CTX-M-15

32

0.5

0.25

4

≤0.03

4

>128

>4

≤8

≤0.25

>8

≤1

>64

≤0.5

E. coli

M_104

 

1

95

CTX-M-55

32

0.5

≤0.015

≤2

≤0.03

4

≤4

>4

≤8

≤0.25

8

≤1

>64

≤0.5

E. cloacae

19/EPI0154

1

   

>1024

0.5

0.5

>64

0.25

32

32

1

≤8

0.5

1

≤1

>64

4

B

K. pneumoniae

19/EPI0077

18

 

11

OXA-48/ DHA-1

>1024

4

>8

4

1

>64

>128

>4

32

0.5

>8

≤1

>64

4

E. coli

19/EPI0083

1

 

410

OXA-181/ CMY-42

16

2

>8

>64

0.5

16

>128

>4

32

1

>8

≤1

>64

≤0.5

E. coli

MB_042

 

1

410

OXA-181/ CMY-42

16

1

>8

4

0.5

8

>128

>4

≤8

≤0.25

>8

≤1

>64

≤0.5

E. coli

19/EPI0060

1

 

4038

OXA-48

>1024

>32

>8

>64

0.5

16

>128

>4

16

1

>8

≤1

>64

≤0.5

E. coli

MB_091

 

1

538

 

32

≤0.25

≤0.015

≤2

≤0.03

≤2

≤4

≤0.25

≤8

≤0.25

≤0.5

>16

4

≤0.5

E. coli

MB_066

 

1

95

 

16

≤0.25

≤0.015

≤2

≤0.03

≤2

≤4

≤0.25

≤8

≤0.25

≤0.5

8

2

≤0.5

E. coli

MB_100

 

1

335

 

16

≤0.25

≤0.015

≤2

≤0.03

4

≤4

≤0.25

≤8

≤0.25

≤0.5

4

2

≤0.5

E. coli

MB_003

 

1

1730

CTX-M-1

>1024

>32

≤0.015

≤2

≤0.03

8

≤4

>4

>128

≤0.25

1

≤1

>64

>32

E. coli

MB_074

 

1

131

CTX-M-27

>1024

≤0.25

>8

64

≤0.03

≤2

>128

>4

≤8

≤0.25

4

≤1

>64

1

E. coli

MB_073

 

1

131

CTX-M-14

32

≤0.25

≤0.015

≤2

0.06

8

≤4

>4

≤8

≤0.25

2

≤1

>64

≤0.5

E. cloacae

19/EPI0060

1

  

OXA-48

≤8

1

≤0.015

≤2

0.5

16

≤4

2

≤8

≤0.25

≤0.5

≤1

>64

≤0.5

E. cloacae

19/EPI0059

1

   

>1024

>32

2

>64

0.12

8

>128

>4

>128

≤0.25

>8

≤1

>64

4

C

E. coli

MC_022

 

1

69

 

32

≤0.25

≤0.015

< 2

≤0.03

4

≤4

≤0.25

≤8

≤0.25

≤0.5

8

4

≤0.5

E

E. coli

19/EPI0155

1

  

OXA-48

>1024

>32

>8

>64

0.25

8

>128

>4

>128

≤0.25

>8

≤1

>64

≤0.5

  1. aMIC in bold indicates resistance. The resistance breakpoints presented are those for E. coli from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing [32] except for NAL, SMX and TET for which the breakpoints from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [33] were used. bNA, not available; no breakpoints were available for E. coli for azithromycin; an MIC > 64 was tentatively used as resistance breakpoint. Abbreviations: Env environment; Empl employee, ST sequence type, SMX sulfamethoxazole, TMP trimethoprim, CIP ciprofloxacin, TET tetracycline, MERO meropenem, AZI azithromycin, NAL nalidixic acid, FOT cefotaxime, CHL chloramphenicol, TGC tigecycline, TAZ ceftazidime, COL colistin, AMP ampicillin, GEN gentamicin, E. coli Escherichia coli, E. cloacae Enterobacter cloacae, K. pneumoniae Klebsiella pneumoniae