Table 1 Definitions of catheter-related bloodstream infections among neonates with intravenous catheter insertion for ≥48 h in Hung Vuong Hospital, Vietnam

Laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection

- A recognized pathogen cultured from blood cultures, and

- Organism cultured from blood unrelated to an infection at another site

Clinical and common skin contaminant bloodstream infection

- Fever (> 38 °C, rectal), hypothermia (< 37 °C, rectal), apnea, or bradycardia, and

- Signs and symptoms and positive laboratory results were unrelated to an infection at another site, and

- Common skin contaminant was cultured from two or more blood

Clinical bloodstream infection

- Fever (> 38 °C, rectal), hypothermia (< 37 °C, rectal), apnea, or bradycardia without evidence of blood culture, and

- Unrelated infection at another site, and

- Diagnosed sepsis by a clinician of HVH and confirmed CR-BSI after a consultation between clinicians and infection control specialists