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Table 3 Participant knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic resistance before and after the awareness sessions

From: Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of Egyptians towards antibiotic use in the community: can we do better?

Participant knowledge

Before awareness

After awareness

p value

Regression

 

n

%

n

%

 

p valuea

Odds ratio

Lower 95% CI

Upper 95% CI

How many times have you heard about antibiotic resistance?

Many times

A few times

Only once

I don’t remember hearing about antibiotic resistance

388

43

50

136

62.9

7

8.1

22

30

0

11

2

69.8

0

25.6

4.7

8.97963E-13

Ref

-

0.006

0.024

-

-

2.845

0.19

-

-

1.343

0.045

-

-

6.03

0.806

Where have you heard about antibiotic resistance?

From a physician or nurse

From a pharmacist

From friends or family

At school/college/university

In the media (television, radio, newspapers, magazines etc.)

Others

167

69

70

29

166

2

33.2

13.7

13.9

5.8

33

0.4

6

19

5

0

8

2

15

47.5

12.5

0

20

5

3.41269E-32

0.594

0.00009

0.503

-

Ref

0.004

0.746

5.714

1.482

-

-

20.75

0.253

2.388

0.468

-

-

2.581

2.195

13.672

4.689

-

-

166.828

How widespread do you think antibiotic resistance is?

Mostly found in rich countries

Mostly found in poor countries

Worldwide

52

153

269

11

32.3

56.8

4

9

26

10.3

23.1

66.7

0.110692

nd

nd

nd

nd

What do you think will happen if you use antibiotics unnecessarily?

Nothing

Antibiotic-resistant infections will personally affect me

Antibiotic-resistant infections will affect others in the future

Antibiotic-resistant infections will affect me, and others in the future

54

211

24

203

11

42.9

4.9

41.3

0

18

0

21

0

46.2

0

53.8

0.000175

-

Ref

-

0.566

-

-

-

1.213

-

-

-

0.628

-

-

-

2.342

Participant attitudes

Before awareness

After awareness

p value

 Regression

   

n

%

n

%

p value a

Odds ratio 

 Lower 95% CI

Upper 95% CI 

Has hearing about antibiotic resistance changed how often you think you should take antibiotics?

Yes – I think I should take them more

Yes – I think I should take them less

No

36

352

87

7.6

74.1

18.3

3

29

5

8.1

78.4

13.5

0.46244164

nd

nd

nd

nd

Have you told anyone else about antibiotic resistance?

Yes

No

289

201

59

41

34

5

87.2

12.8

7.4E-06

0.001

4.729

1.818

12.301

  1. aRef indicates this is the reference category in multinomial logistic regression analyses. nd, not done as initial analysis reported no significant difference. Dashes (-) in p value, OR and 95% CI columns for multinomial regression represent non-returned values due to insufficient data. Answers to some questions were missing