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Table 2 Participant knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotics before and after the awareness sessions

From: Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of Egyptians towards antibiotic use in the community: can we do better?

Participant knowledge

Before awareness

After awareness

p value

Regression

n

%

n

%

p valuea

Odds ratio

Lower 95% CI

Upper 95% CI

Do you believe more expensive antibiotics are more likely to make you feel better?

Yes

No

216

407

34.7

65.3

8

35

18.6

81.4

0.011455

0.036

0.431

0.196

0.945

Do you believe you have to take an antibiotic whenever you have an infection, like a cold?

Yes

No

139

483

22.3

77.7

3

40

7

93

0.004288

0.024

0.255

0.078

0.837

When you get a cold, when do you think you should start taking antibiotics?

I don’t take them

When feeling the first symptoms of a cold

After cough and sputum appear

After the colour of mucous changes

After a doctor or pharmacist tells me to take one

I have never had a cold

I don’t know

Others

88

71

124

105

207

1

18

10

14.1

11.4

19.9

16.8

33.2

0.2

2.9

1.6

11

3

4

2

24

0

0

0

25

6.8

9.1

4.5

54.5

0

0

0

2.67021E-07

0.845

0.108

0.02

0.015

Ref

-

-

-

1.078

0.364

0.278

0.164

-

-

-

-

0.506

0.107

0.094

0.038

-

-

-

-

2.296

1.247

0.821

0.708

-

-

-

-

When you have been taking antibiotics, when do you think you should stop the antibiotic treatment?

When I feel better

After I finish the full course

I have never taken antibiotics

I don’t know

202

397

18

5

32.5

63.8

2.9

0.8

5

37

1

0

11.6

86

2.3

0

6.41626E-05

0.006

Ref

0.619

-

0.266

-

0.596

-

0.103

-

0.077

-

0.686

-

4.592

-

Participant attitudes

Before awareness

After awareness

p value

 Regression

   

n

%

n

%

p value a

 Odds ratio

 Lower 95% CI

Upper 95% CI 

Would you ask a doctor to prescribe an antibiotic if you believe you need one, even if the doctor did not think it was needed?

Yes

No

109

513

17.5

82.5

3

40

7

93

0.030886

0.087

0.353

0.107

1.162

Would you buy antibiotics to use without being told you need them by a doctor?

Yes

No

208

413

33.5

66.5

7

34

17.1

82.9

0.013828

0.035

0.409

0.178

0.938

Do you think you should be able to buy antibiotics whenever you want them?

Yes

No

188

433

30.3

69.7

11

30

26.8

73.2

0.642698

nd

nd

nd

nd

  1. aRef indicates this is the reference category in multinomial logistic regression analyses. nd, not done as initial analysis reported no significant difference. Dashes (-) in p value, OR and 95% CI columns for multinomial regression represent non-returned values due to insufficient data. Answers to some questions were missing