Table 2 Number of actions and time used for clinical best practices
Clinical best practice | Actions | Median time (seconds) | Percentiles | Mean time (seconds) | S.D. (seconds) | Minimum Time (seconds) | Maximum time (seconds) | Kruskal Wallis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | 2.5 | 97.5 | X2 | df | P | ||||||
Hand hygiene | 867 | 100 | 14.3 | 4.0 | 35.7 | 15.6 | 8.3 | 1.4 | 109.9 | |||
Healthcare personnel | ||||||||||||
Nurse: bachelor trained | 21 | 2.4 | 14.9 | 11.0 | 27.9 | 16.9 | 5.1 | 11.0 | 27.9 | 21.27 | 4 | 0.000 |
Nurse: college trained | 125 | 14.4 | 16.0 | 4.2 | 40.0 | 17.8 | 11.5 | 2.5 | 109.9 | |||
Auxiliary nurse | 244 | 28.1 | 13.5 | 3.2 | 38.5 | 15.2 | 8.7 | 2.4 | 49.3 | |||
Orderly | 347 | 40.0 | 14.6 | 5.6 | 35.8 | 15.8 | 7.2 | 2.7 | 46.7 | |||
Hygiene and sanitation staff | 130 | 15.0 | 12.4 | 3.0 | 31.0 | 13.5 | 6.6 | 1.4 | 41.5 | |||
Moment | ||||||||||||
Before patient contact | 193 | 22.3 | 14.1 | 5.1 | 34.3 | 15.0 | 7.0 | 2.6 | 40.2 | 36.86 | 4 | 0.000 |
Before aseptic procedure | 17 | 2.0 | 21.5 | 5.2 | 32.5 | 20.1 | 7.1 | 5.2 | 32.5 | |||
After patient contact | 601 | 69.3 | 14.1 | 3.4 | 32.7 | 15.0 | 7.3 | 1.4 | 49.3 | |||
After body fluid exposure | 37 | 4.3 | 14.9 | 4.0 | 110.0 | 19.9 | 18.6 | 4.0 | 110.0 | |||
Other | 19 | 2.2 | 24.1 | 14.6 | 43.4 | 27.6 | 9.7 | 14.6 | 43.4 | |||
Products used | ||||||||||||
Soap and water | 71 | 8.2 | 22.2 | 8.5 | 44.1 | 23.5 | 10.0 | 8.2 | 46.7 | 54.18 | 2 | 0.000 |
Hydroalcoholic solution wall | 761 | 87.8 | 14.0 | 4.0 | 32.7 | 14.9 | 7.8 | 1.4 | 109.9 | |||
Hydroalcoholic solution table (500 ml) | 32 | 3.7 | 13.8 | 2.6 | 29.4 | 13.8 | 7.7 | 2.6 | 29.4 | |||
Hydroalcoholic solution pocket size (45–50 ml) | 3 | 0.3 | 27.8 | 27.3 | 36.4 | 30.5 | 5.1 | 27.2 | 36.4 | |||
Hygiene and sanitation of surfaces | 102 | 100 | 541.5 | 42.9 | 1840.2 | 598.6 | 486.1 | 35.4 | 3411.6 | |||
Healthcare personnel | ||||||||||||
Hygiene and sanitation staff | 102 | 100 | 541.5 | 42.9 | 1840.2 | 598.6 | 486.1 | 35.4 | 3411.6 | n/a | ||
Kind of cleaning | ||||||||||||
Daily regular | 58 | 56.9 | 333.6 | 41.5 | 1140.6 | 432.7 | 300.1 | 35.4 | 1222.2 | 32.45 | 3 | 0.000 |
Daily additional precautions | 13 | 12.7 | 335.9 | 51.4 | 702.0 | 391.2 | 181.6 | 51.4 | 702.0 | |||
Terminal | 3 | 2.9 | 738.6 | 35.8 | 3411.6 | 1395.3 | 1781.1 | 35.8 | 3411.6 | |||
Terminal discharge/transfer | 28 | 27.5 | 872.5 | 406.0 | 1941.0 | 953.1 | 404.5 | 406.0 | 1941.0 | |||
Materials used* | ||||||||||||
Reusable cloths | 6 | 5.9 | 635.9 | 450.7 | 1492.8 | 753.0 | 390.2 | 450.7 | 1492.8 | n/a | ||
Microfibre-reuseable | 97 | 95.1 | 554.9 | 41.4 | 1862.1 | 611.7 | 493.6 | 35.4 | 3411.6 | |||
Disinfectant disposable wipes | 1 | 1.0 | 565.5 | 565.5 | 565.5 | 565.5 | – | 565.5 | 565.5 | |||
Alcohol swabs | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Floor buffers | 19 | 18.2 | 596.8 | 320.4 | 1531.7 | 715.2 | 350.1 | 320.4 | 1531.7 | |||
Mops | 1 | 1.0 | 58.6 | 58.6 | 58.6 | 58.6 | – | 58.6 | 58.6 | |||
Toilette brush | 1 | 1.0 | 151.9 | 151.0 | 151.9 | 151.9 | – | 151.9 | 151.9 | |||
Cleaning of small equipment | 85 | 100 | 31.3 | 10.8 | 91.3 | 34.8 | 18.6 | 8.7 | 94.9 | |||
Healthcare personnel | ||||||||||||
Nurse: bachelor trained | 2 | 2.4 | 21.8 | 21.1 | 22.6 | 21.8 | 1.1 | 21.1 | 22.6 | 4.15 | 4 | 0.386 |
Nurse: college trained | 23 | 27.1 | 30.0 | 11.7 | 57.2 | 33.5 | 12.7 | 11.7 | 57.2 | |||
Auxiliary nurse | 38 | 44.7 | 28.0 | 8.7 | 94.9 | 35.3 | 23.7 | 8.7 | 94.9 | |||
Orderly | 12 | 14.1 | 36.1 | 14.0 | 85.7 | 39.4 | 17.7 | 14.0 | 85.7 | |||
Hygiene and sanitation staff | 10 | 11.8 | 36.0 | 16.6 | 42.6 | 33.1 | 8.6 | 16.6 | 42.6 | |||
Type of small equipment | ||||||||||||
Multifunction vital sign monitor | 29 | 34.1 | 39.7 | 11.5 | 94.9 | 43.3 | 20.8 | 11.5 | 94.9 | |||
Blood glucose monitor | 18 | 21.2 | 20.7 | 8.7 | 51.7 | 21.6 | 10.0 | 8.7 | 51.7 | |||
Chariot and mop handle | 10 | 11.8 | 32.2 | 16.6 | 42.6 | 30.5 | 9.0 | 16.6 | 42.6 | |||
Positive displacement pump | 4 | 4.7 | 58.3 | 40.9 | 83.2 | 60.2 | 17.4 | 40.9 | 83.2 | |||
Pulse oximeter | 4 | 4.7 | 37.0 | 21.1 | 65.0 | 40.0 | 18.7 | 21.1 | 65.0 | |||
Portable bladder scanner | 3 | 3.5 | 21.9 | 20.8 | 23.0 | 21.9 | 1.1 | 20.8 | 23.0 | |||
Wheelchair | 3 | 3.5 | 22.1 | 14.0 | 34.7 | 23.6 | 10.5 | 14.0 | 34.7 | |||
Commode chair | 3 | 3.5 | 32.5 | 25.7 | 44.6 | 34.3 | 9.5 | 25.7 | 44.6 | |||
Walker | 2 | 2.4 | 36.0 | 20.2 | 51.8 | 36.0 | 22.4 | 20.2 | 51.8 | |||
Scissors | 3 | 3.5 | 15.4 | 11.7 | 29.2 | 18.7 | 9.2 | 11.7 | 29.2 | |||
Emesis bowl | 3 | 3.5 | 37.5 | 29.9 | 42.0 | 36.4 | 6.1 | 29.9 | 42.0 | |||
Thermometer | 2 | 2.4 | 80.0 | 65.0 | 94.9 | 80.0 | 21.2 | 65.0 | 94.9 | |||
Stretcher | 1 | 1.2 | 85.7 | 85.7 | 85.7 | 85.7 | – | 85.7 | 85.7 | |||
Laundry bag support | 1 | 1.2 | 44.7 | 44.7 | 44.7 | 44.7 | – | 44.7 | 44.7 | |||
Bassin | 1 | 1.2 | 35.7 | 35.7 | 35.7 | 35.7 | – | 35.7 | 35.7 | |||
Scale | 1 | 1.2 | 29.3 | 29.3 | 29.3 | 29.3 | – | 29.3 | 29.3 | |||
Doppler | 1 | 1.2 | 37.3 | 37.3 | 37.3 | 37.3 | – | 37.3 | 37.3 | |||
Table | 1 | 1.2 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | – | 33.3 | 33.3 | |||
Comb | 1 | 1.2 | 22.4 | 22.4 | 22.4 | 22.4 | 22.4 | 22.4 | 22.4 | |||
Other | 18 | 21.2 | 33.2 | 11.7 | 44.7 | 31.8 | 9.2 | 11.7 | 44.7 | |||
Additional precautions | 57 | 100 | 274.3 | 16.1 | 2669.0 | 385.0 | 511.7 | 15.5 | 3445.8 | |||
Healthcare personnel | ||||||||||||
Nurse: bachelor trained | 5 | 8.8 | 169.1 | 32.3 | 205.4 | 138.9 | 77.4 | 32.3 | 205.4 | 23.09 | 3 | 0.000 |
Nurse: college trained | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Auxiliary nurse | 17 | 29.8 | 199.8 | 15.5 | 579.9 | 247.8 | 160.9 | 15.5 | 579.9 | |||
Orderly | 16 | 28.1 | 117.6 | 16.8 | 786.5 | 197.5 | 213.0 | 16.8 | 786.5 | |||
Hygiene and sanitation staff | 19 | 33.3 | 542.8 | 89.8 | 3445.8 | 730.3 | 748.7 | 89.8 | 3445.8 | |||
Kind of additional precaution | ||||||||||||
Contact | 42 | 73.7 | 252.9 | 16.7 | 3316.4 | 427.7 | 586.0 | 15.5 | 3445.8 | 4.96 | 3 | 0.000 |
Contact-droplet | 12 | 21.1 | 340.9 | 89.8 | 463.8 | 313.4 | 114.3 | 89.8 | 463.8 | |||
Droplet | 2 | 3.5 | 100.5 | 84.9 | 116.1 | 100.5 | 22.1 | 84.9 | 116.1 | |||
Protection (inversed) | 1 | 1.8 | 16.8 | 16.8 | 16.8 | 16.8 | – | 16.8 | 16.8 | |||
Airborne | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Airborne-contact | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | 720 | 100 | 11.6 | 2.8 | 48.1 | 14.0 | 10.6 | 0.3 | 94.4 | |||
Healthcare personnel | ||||||||||||
Nurse: bachelor trained | 12 | 1.7 | 16.5 | 9.9 | 58.7 | 24.6 | 15.2 | 9.9 | 58.7 | 11.09 | 4 | 0.026 |
Nurse: college trained | 37 | 5.1 | 11.1 | 3.9 | 28.3 | 12.1 | 5.9 | 3.9 | 28.3 | |||
Auxiliary nurse | 125 | 17.4 | 11.8 | 1.9 | 40.3 | 13.9 | 9.9 | 1.6 | 76.0 | |||
Orderly | 243 | 33.8 | 11.5 | 4.5 | 39.0 | 13.2 | 7.9 | 3.2 | 65.5 | |||
Hygiene and sanitation | 303 | 42.1 | 11.7 | 2.0 | 64.5 | 14.3 | 12.6 | 0.3 | 94.4 | |||
PPE used | ||||||||||||
Disposable gown | 160 | 22.2 | 13.2 | 5.9 | 75.4 | 18.7 | 15.7 | 1.7 | 94.4 | n/a | ||
Reusable gown | 597 | 82.9 | 11.6 | 2.6 | 49.0 | 13.7 | 10.6 | 0.3 | 94.4 | |||
Gloves—sterile (pair) | 700 | 97.2 | 11.5 | 2.7 | 40.5 | 13.5 | 10.0 | 0.3 | 94.4 | |||
Gloves—nitrile | 718 | 99.7 | 11.6 | 2.8 | 47.4 | 13.9 | 10.4 | 0.3 | 94.4 | |||
Gloves—vinyl | 702 | 97.5 | 11.5 | 2.7 | 43.8 | 13.6 | 10.2 | 0.3 | 94.4 | |||
Procedural or surgical mask | 720 | 100.0 | 11.6 | 2.8 | 48.1 | 14.0 | 10.6 | 0.3 | 94.4 | |||