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Table 1 Characteristics of the patients admitted to the main Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Umberto I teaching hospital of Rome between 1st March and 4th April 2019 and 1st March and 4th April 2020. Results are expressed as number (percentage), median (interquartile range) or mean (standard deviation)

From: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare-associated infections in intensive care unit patients: a retrospective cohort study

 

2019 cohort

2020 cohort

Patients

42

62

Observation time, person-days

1130

1000

Gender (male)

24 (57.1)

41 (66.1)

Age, years

64.5 (52–76)

70 (61–79)

Admission to the ICU

  

 Other ward

11 (26.2)

31 (50.0)

 Other hospital

2 (4.8)

5 (8.1)

 Emergency Department

29 (69.0)

26 (41.9)

Coexisting conditions

  

 Hypertension

22 (52.4)

27 (43.6)

 Diabetes mellitus

10 (23.8)

10 (16.1)

 Asthma

1 (2.4)

4 (6.5)

 Coronary heart disease

2 (4.8)

11 (17.7)

 Chronic kidney disease

3 (7.1)

5 (8.1)

 Chronic liver disease

2 (4.6)

0 (0.0)

 Active cancer

4 (9.5)

7 (11.3)

 Immunodeficiency

5 (11.9)

1 (1.6)

ICU deaths

10 (23.8)

35 (56.5)

Mortality rate (95% CI) per 1000 patient-days

8.8 (4.8–15.0)

35.0 (25.8–46.4)

Length of ICU stay, days

14.5 (7–36)

13 (6–21)

Central venous catheter, days

15.5 (7–33.5)

14 (6–23)

Urinary catheter, days

14.5 (7–35)

13 (6.5–22)

Invasive ventilation, days

13 (4–35)

8 (5–19)

Patients with invasive ventilation

38 (90.5)

53 (85.5)

Patients with at least one HAI

11 (26.2)

27 (43.6)

Patients with at least one dr-HAI

2 (4.8)

20 (32.3)

HAI per patient

0.33 (0.61)

0.73 (0.93)

dr-HAI per patient

0.05 (0.22)

0.44 (0.69)

HAI per infected patient

1.27 (0.48)

1.67 (0.62)

dr-HAI per infected patient

1.0 (0.0)

1.35 (0.49)

Antibiotic consumption before the first HAI

  

 Carbapenems

40 (95.2)

51 (82.3)

 Extended spectrum cephalosporins

15 (35.7)

6 (9.7)

 Glycopeptides

14 (33.3)

29 (46.8)

 Macrolides

3 (7.1)

15 (24.2)

 Penicillins + beta lactamase inhibitors

21 (50.0)

31 (50.0)

  1. ICU: Intensive Care Unit. HAI: Healthcare-Associated Infection. dr-HAI: device-related Healthcare-Associated Infection. CI: Confidence Interval