Complex case? | Centre A | Centre B | Overall | p value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | ||
(n = 68) | (n = 23) | (n = 225) | (n = 69) | (n = 293) | (n = 92) | ||
Sex, N (%), male | 32 (47.1%) | 15 (65.2%) | 93 (41.3%) | 23 (33.3%) | 125 (42.7%) | 38 (41.3%) | 0.972 |
Age, median [IQR], months | 7.50 [13.3] | 4.00 [11.5] | 10.0 [25.0] | 31.0 [63.5] | 9.00 [21.0] | 19.0 [55.5] | < 0.001 |
Age class, N (%) | |||||||
0–1 month | 9 (13.2%) | 6 (26.1%) | 17 (7.6%) | 3 (4.3%) | 26 (8.9%) | 9 (9.8%) | 0.808 |
2–6 months | 24 (35.3%) | 9 (39.1%) | 69 (30.7%) | 9 (13.0%) | 93 (31.7%) | 18 (19.6%) | 0.019 |
7–24 months | 24 (35.3%) | 4 (17.4%) | 76 (33.8%) | 18 (26.1%) | 100 (34.1%) | 22 (23.9%) | 0.047 |
3–5 years | 4 (5.9%) | 3 (13.0%) | 37 (16.4%) | 17 (24.6%) | 41 (14.0%) | 20 (21.7%) | 0.060 |
6–10 years | 6 (8.8%) | 1 (4.3%) | 21 (9.3%) | 17 (24.6%) | 27 (9.2%) | 18 (19.6%) | 0.008 |
11–14 years | 1 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (2.2%) | 5 (7.2%) | 6 (2.0%) | 5 (5.4%) | 0.033 |
Discharge diagnosis, N (%) | |||||||
Urinary tract infection | 50 (73.5%) | 16 (69.6%) | 177 (78.7%) | 49 (71.0%) | 227 (77.5%) | 65 (70.7%) | 0.251 |
Cystitis | 8 (11.8%) | 1 (4.3%) | 40 (17.8%) | 11 (15.9%) | 48 (16.4%) | 12 (13.0%) | 0.347 |
Kidney infection | 5 (7.4%) | 5 (21.7%) | 5 (2.2%) | 8 (11.6%) | 10 (3.4%) | 13 (14.1%) | < 0.001 |
Other | 5 (7.4%) | 1 (4.3%) | 3 (1.3%) | 1 (1.4%) | 8 (2.7%) | 2 (2.2%) | 0.762 |
Antibiotic prescription in the previous 30 days, N (%) | |||||||
Yes | 12 (52.2%) | 42 (60.9%) | 54 (58.7%) | ||||
Amikacin | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1 (1.1%) | ||||
Amoxicillin | 0 (0%) | 7 (10.1%) | 7 (7.6%) | ||||
Co-amoxiclav | 2 (8.7%) | 16 (23.2%) | 18 (19.6%) | ||||
Ampicillin | 1 (4.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.1%) | ||||
Azithromycin | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||||
Cefaclor | 3 (13.0%) | 1 (1.4%) | 4 (4.3%) | ||||
Cefixime | 1 (4.3%) | 8 (11.6%) | 9 (9.8%) | ||||
Cefpodoxime | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.9%) | 2 (2.2%) | ||||
Ceftriaxone | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1 (1.1%) | ||||
Ciprofloxacin | 0 (0%) | 4 (5.8%) | 4 (4.3%) | ||||
Co-trimoxazole | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||||
Fosfomycin | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1 (1.1%) | ||||
Missing | 5 (41.7%) | 1 (2.4%) | 6 (8.8%) | ||||
Previous treatment failure | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.9%)a | 2 (2.2%) | ||||
Presence of urinary tract malformations, N (%), Yes | 15 (65.2%) | 45 (65.2%) | 60 (65.2%) | ||||
Method for urine collection, N (%) | |||||||
Collection bag > 105 CFU/ml | 67 (98.5%) | 23 (100%) | 108 (48.0%) | 23 (33.3%) | 175 (59.7%) | 46 (50.0%) | 0.053 |
Catheterization > 104 CFU/ml | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 30 (13.3%) | 6 (8.7%) | 30 (10.2%) | 6 (6.5%) | 0.277 |
Clean-catch mid-stream > 105 CFU/ml | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 70 (31.1%) | 37 (53.6%) | 70 (23.9%) | 37 (40.2%) | < 0.001 |
Missing | 1 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) | 17 (7.2%) | 3 (4.3%) | 18 (5.9%) | 3 (3.3%) | |
Blood culture collection, N (%) | |||||||
Yes | 22 (32.4%) | 9 (39.1%) | 65 (28.9%) | 20 (29.0%) | 87 (29.7%) | 29 (31.5%) | 0.667 |
Negative | 21 (30.9%) | 8 (34.8%) | 28 (12.4%) | 7 (10.1%) | 49 (16.7%) | 15 (16.3%) | 0.256 |
Positive | 1 (1.5%) | 1 (4.3%) | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (1.4%) | 2 (0.7%) | 2 (2.2%) | |
Escherichia coli | 1 (1.5%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (1.1%) | 1 |
Micrococcus luteus | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.248 |
Staphylococcus epidermidis | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.248 |
Urine culture bacteria, N (%) | |||||||
Citrobacter koseri | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.425 |
Enterobacter cloacae | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.328 |
Enterococcus faecalis | 1 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.328 |
Escherichia coli | 58 (85.3%) | 21 (91.3%) | 196 (87.1%) | 55 (79.7%) | 254 (86.7%) | 76 (82.6%) | 0.277 |
Klebsiella oxytoca | 2 (2.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.9%) | 2 (0.7%) | 2 (2.2%) | 0.222 |
Klebsiella pneumoniae | 1 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.4%) | 3 (4.3%) | 2 (0.7%) | 3 (3.3%) | 0.058 |
Proteus mirabilis | 5 (7.4%) | 0 (0%) | 19 (8.4%) | 5 (7.2%) | 24 (8.2%) | 5 (5.4%) | 0.373 |
Proteus vulgaris | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.573 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 0 (0%) | 2 (8.7%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (4.3%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (5.4%) | < 0.001 |
Staphylococcus aureus | 1 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (1.4%) | 2 (0.7%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.705 |