Table 6 An overview of all the water traps related outbreaks in hospitals
Study | Country | Strain | N of cultures, (%) | N of cases | Mortality, N (%) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sui et al. [66] | Taiwan | 1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2. Staphylcoccus aureus | N = 15 water traps 1. 2 (13.3) 2. 7 (46.7) | NA | NA | Water trap |
Gorman et al. [67] | Scotland | Klebsiella pneumoniae | NA | 6 | 2 (33.33) | Ventilator expiratory water trap |
Lee [38] | Malaysia | Burkholdera cepacia | NA | 23 | 2 (8.7) | Ventilator water traps and ventilator humidifier trap |
Kaul et al. [68] | Canada | Acinetobacterbaumanii | Outbreak investigation on only 5 out of 7 ICUs: 1 out of 95 traps (1.1) | NA | NA | Water traps |