Table 3 Results of the systematic review

Benzalkonium chloride wipes [30]

1

Bacteria

Disinfection

Failed

Dry heat [35, 38,39,40,41,42, 61, 74, 79]

9

Viruses and Bacteria

Disinfection and failure

6 studies: all passed

Ethanol [35, 40, 48]

3

Viruses and spore-forming bacteria

Disinfection and failure

Failed

Ethylene oxide [20, 79]

2

Viruses

Sterilization and disinfection

2 studies: all passed

Gaseous hydrogen peroxide [20, 40, 42, 47,48,49, 51, 79, 80]

11

Viruses, bacteria, spore-forming bacteria, fungus

Sterilization, disinfection, 1 failure

9 studies: all passed

Gaseous hydrogen peroxide with peracetic acid [74, 81]

2

Viruses, bacteria and spore-forming bacteria

Sterilization

1 study: passed

Hypochlorite [30, 35]

2

Bacteria and spore-forming bacteria

Disinfection

1 study: failed

Moist heat [39, 47, 57,58,59,60,61, 79,]

8

Viruses, Bacteria, spore-forming bacteria

Sterilization, disinfection, failure

5 studies: passed

Microwave-generated moist heat [23, 24, 58,59,60]

5

Viruses and Bacteria

Disinfection

3 studies: passed, 1 study: mixed results

Non-antimicrobial detergent wipes [30]

1

Bacteria

Failure

Failure

Ozone [26, 62, 63]

3

Viruses and Bacteria

Sterilization, disinfection, 1 failure

3 studies: 2 failed elastic band but passed face piece, 1 study: passed

Peracetic acid dry fogging system (PAF) [20]

1

Viruses

Sterilization and disinfection

Passed

Steam [20, 35, 66,]

3

Viruses, bacteria and spore-forming bacteria

Sterilization, disinfection, failure

2 studies: passed

UVA [35]

1

spore-forming bacteria

Failure

N/A

UVGI [29, 35, 40, 42, 48, 58,59,60, 69, 70, 72, 74, 79, 82, 83]

15

Viruses, bacteria, spore-forming bacteria, fungus

Sterilization, disinfection, failure

7 studies: 1 failure, 1 partial failure, 5 passed

UVGI + dry heat [68, 79]

2

Viruses and Bacteria

Disinfection and failure

Passed

UVGI + medium humidity heat [79]

1

Viruses

Sterilization, disinfection, failure

Passed