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Table 2 Incidence rate of deep incisional surgical site infections (SSI-D) considering age of patients, waiting time for surgery in days, duration of stay in the ward in days, number of days from surgery to SSI detection, detection before or after discharge from hospital, gender of patients in HPRO and KPRO endoprosthesis surgery in 2009–2013 vs 2014–2018

From: Multimodal strategy in surgical site infections control and prevention in orthopaedic patients – a 10-year retrospective observational study at a Polish hospital

Operation type

Endoprosthesis

Fracture reduction

Knee arthroscopy, removal of fixation device and others

HPRO

KPRO

FX

CR

KART

UZ

Year

2009–2013

2014–2018

2009–2013

2014–2018

2009–2013

2014–2018

2009–2013

2014–2018

2009–2013

2014–2018

2009–2013

2014–2018

Number of surgeries

1491

1224

347

500

1303

1356

898

724

637

669

655

588

Number of SSI-D

16

16

4

9

27

10

19

6

6

3

5

5

Incidence rate (%)

1,1

1,3

1,2

1,8

2,1

0,7

2,1

0,8

0,9

0,4

0,8

0,9

OR (95%CI)

1.2 (0.61 to 2.45)

1.6 (0.48 to 5.15)

0.4 (0.17 to 0.73)

0.4 (0.15 to 0.97)

0.5 (0.12 to 1.90)

1.1 (0.32 to 3.87)

Fisher’s test; OR (95%CI)

p = 0.740;

p = 0.068;

p < 0.01;

p < 0.05;

p = 0.232; 2.1 (0.5–8.4)

p = 0.530; 0.9 (0.3–3.2)

Waiting time for operation in the ward [days]

 Median (Me); SD

3 (2); 4,1

3 (2); 4,5

2 (2); 2,6

3 (2); 3,7

3 (2); 4,1

3 (2); 4,3

2 (1); 3,6

2 (1); 2,8

2 (1); 2,0

1 (1); 1,2

2 (1); 5,1

2 (1); 3,9

 ANOVA (p)

p = 0,049

p = 0.383

p = 0.641

p = 0,048

p < 0.05

p = 0.117

Duration of stay in the ward [days]

 Median (Me); SD

13 (11); 6,6

12 (10); 7,5

13 (10); 7,3

13 (10); 8,2

10 (8); 8,6

8 (6); 7,3

8 (7); 6,8

6 (5); 5,2

4 (3); 3,4

4 (3); 2,4

5 (3); 9,0

3 (2); 4,9

 ANOVA (p)

p = 0,047

p = 0.543

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.186

p < 0.001

Number of days from surgery to SSI detection

 Median (Me); SD

47 (45); 36,1

43 (12); 73,9

25 (15); 20,0

52 (25); 88,3

41 (17); 47,9

50 (29); 46,3

61 (44); 57,4

34 (24); 31,3

26 (11); 31,6

24 (24); 5,5

9 (3); 14,3

11 (4); 17,0

 ANOVA (p)

p = 0.840

p = 0.627

p = 0.617

p = 0.293

p = 0.919

p = 0.876

SSI-D: diagnosis mode [n]

 Before discharge

5 (31,3)

8 (50,0)

1 (25,0)

4 (44,4)

12 (46,2)

1 (11,1)

2 (10,5)

3 (50,0)

2 (33,3)

0 (0,0)

3 (60,0)

2 (40,0)

 After discharge

11 (68,7)

8 (50,0)

3 (75,0)

5 (55,6)

14 (53,8)

8 (88,9)

17 (89,5)

3 (50,0)

4 (66,7)

3 (100)

2 (40,0)

3 (60,0)

 Fisher’s test; OR (95%CI)

p = 0.238; 0.5 (0.11–1.92)

p = 0.636; 0.4 (0.03–5.71)

p = 0.066; 6.9 (0.75–62.96)

p = 0.070; 0.1 (0.01–1.03)

p = 0.417; n/a

p = 0.50; 2.3 (0.18–28.26)

Patient age [years]

 Median (Me); SD

67 (67); 12,3

70 (71); 11,8

69 (71); 8,8

69 (70); 8,1

60 (61); 21,7

61 (63); 21,5

54 (58); 22,1

55 (59); 21,2

35 (34); 13,0

33 (31); 12,9

46 (44); 22,3

44 (43); 18,8

 ANOVA (p)

p < 0.001

p = 0.538

p = 0.212

p = 0.507

p < 0.01

p = 0.183

Gender

 Female

975 (64,7)

721 (58,1)

247 (71,2)

374 (74,8)

749 (56,3)

752 (55,1)

435 (47,4)

325 (44,5)

245 (38,1)

203 (30,2)

277 (40,7)

223 (37,9)

 Male

532 (35,3)

519 (41,9)

100 (28,8)

126 (25,2)

581 (43,7)

614 (44,9)

482 (52,6)

405 (55,5)

398 (61,9)

469 (69,8)

404 (59,3)

365 (62,1)

 Fisher’s test; OR (95%CI)

p < 0.001; 1.3 (1.13–1.54)

p = 0.082; 0.8 (0.61–1.13)

p = 0.267; 1.1 (0.90–1.23)

p = 0.129; 1.1 (0.93–1.37)

p < 0.01; 1.4 (1.13–1.79)

p = 0.173; 1.1 (0.89–1.41)

  1. HPRO Hip Prosthesis, KPRO Knee Prosthesis, FX Open Reduction of Fracture, CR Closed Reduction of Fracture with Internal Fixation, KART knee arthroscopy, UZ removal of fixation device, OR Odds Ratio, SSI-D deep incisional surgical site infections, SD standard deviation, Me median, n/a not available;