Subgroups | Non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics(95% CI) | Difference in estimate between categories (P value) | Number of studies | Heterogeneity |
---|---|---|---|---|
Study publication year a | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 2016–2020 | 0.76 (0.65–0.87) | P = 0.066 | 16 | I2 = 98.3%, P < 0.001 |
 2000–2015 | 0.51 (0.23–0.79) | 6 | I2 = 99.3%, P < 0.001 | |
 < 2000 | 0.67 (0.54–0.77) | 1 | NA | |
Region | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 East Africa | 0.69 (0.57–0.81) | P = 0.66 | 21 | I2 = 98.8%, P < 0.001 |
 Central Africa | 0.47 (0.42–0.52) | 1 | NA | |
 West Africa | 0.91 (0.87–0.94) | 1 | NA | |
Case scenarios | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Multiple** | 0.71 (0.53–0.88) | P = 0.235 | 13 | I2 = 99.0%, P < 0.001 |
 Single* | 0.76 (0.64–0.89) | 6 | I2 = 95.9%, P < 0.001 | |
 Not specified | 0.52 (0.22–0.82) | 4 | I2 = 99.5%, P < 0.001 | |
Number of visits*** | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ≤ 146 | 0.74 (0.65–0.83) | P = 0.320 | 12 | I2 = 92.9%, P < 0.001 |
 > 146 | 0.64 (0.46–0.82) | 11 | I2 = 99.4%, P < 0.001 | |
Number of outlets*** | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ≤ 63 | 0.71 (0.57–0.86) | P = 0.603 | 12 | I2 = 98.5%, P < 0.001 |
 > 63 | 0.66 (0.48–0.85) | 11 | I2 = 99.2%, P < 0.001 |