Skip to main content

Table 3 Impact of the intervention on the percentage reduction in each of the quality indicators across follow-up (median 19 months)

From: Impact of a multifaceted intervention to improve antibiotic prescribing: a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial

ESAC Quality

Indicators [25]

Absolute Effect of intervention (95% CI)*

% reduction in intervention group relative to control group (95% CI)*

p-value*

1. DID of antibiotics for systemic use

−0.63 (− 0.78, − 0.48)

− 4.23 (− 5.26 to − 3.21)

< 0.0001

2. DID of penicillins

−0.52 (− 0.63, − 0.42)

−6.51 (− 7.92 to − 5.22)

< 0.0001

3. DID of cephalosporins

−0.07 (− 0.11, − 0.03)

− 3.89 (− 6.18 to − 1.65)

0.0002

4. DID of macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins

−0.06 (− 0.09, − 0.03)

−3.45 (− 5.23 to − 1.70)

< 0.0001

5. DID of quinolones

−0.01 (− 0.05, 0.02)

−0.47 (− 2.37 to 0.93)

0.3736

6. PCT of beta-lactamase-sensitive penicillinsa

−0.01 (− 0.06 to 0.05)

− 2.38 (− 15 to 11.63)

0.8223

7. PCT of combinations of penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors a

−1.09 (− 1.42, − 0.76)

− 2.79 (− 3.65 to − 1.94)

< 0.0001

8. PCT of 3rd- and 4th-generationcephalosporins a

−0.24 (− 0.36, − 0.12)

−5.69 (− 8.63 to − 2.80)

0.0001

9. PCT of quinolones

0.13 (− 0.06 to 0.33)

0.91 (− 0.42 to 2.30)

0.1709

10. Ratio of consumption of broad- to narrow-spectrum penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides

- 5.37 (−8.23 to − 2.51)

−8.97 (− 13.99 to − 4.12)

0.0002

  1. Abbreviations. PCT Percentage, DID Defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day, ESAC European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption
  2. * Calculated from a mixed-effects model. The estimated value for intervention measures is an interaction between the variable “group” (intervention vs. control) and the variable “period” (post-intervention vs. baseline), adjusted for the secular trend of the indicator. The models were adjusted for the covariates of Table 1 and the seasonality. The percentage reduction was calculated by using the baseline values of the control group as reference values
  3. a Percentage of total consumption of antibiotics for systemic use in DID