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Table 1 Characteristics and antibiotic resistance profile of the Gram–positive methicillin- and multidrug-resistant organisms

From: Poor infection prevention and control standards are associated with environmental contamination with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and other multidrug-resistant bacteria in Swiss companion animal clinics

Insti-tution

Speciesa

Representative strain

Origin (n=)

STb

Mec

Antibiotic resistance profilec

CLI

(>0.5)

TET

(>2)

RIF

(>0.5)

STR

NAd

FUS

(>1)

PEN

(>0.125)

CHL

(>8)

KAN

(≥64)

SYN

(>2)

VAN

(>2/>4)e

GEN

(>1)

TMP (>4)

ERY (>2)

CIP (>1)

FOX

(screen ≥8)

LZD (>4)

MUP (≥256)

SMX

(≥512)

Env

Empl

                    

A

S. aureus

18/EPI2716

 

1

398

A

≤0.12

>16

≤0.016

16

≤0.5

>2

8

>64

≤0.5

≤1

8

>32

≤0.25

≤0.25

16

2

≤0.5

≤64

S. aureus

19/EPI0128

 

1

398

A

≤0.12

≤0.5

≤0.016

8

≤0.5

0.5

8

≤4

≤0.5

≤1

≤1

≤2

>8

≤0.25

4

2

≤0.5

≤64

S. aureus

19/EPI0127

 

1

7

A

≤0.12

≤0.5

≤0.016

8

≤0.5

>2

8

≤4

≤0.5

≤1

≤1

≤2

≤0.25

≤0.25

4

2

≤0.5

≤64

S. aureus

19/EPI0156

 

1

45

A

≤0.12

≤0.5

≤0.016

8

≤0.5

≤0.12

8

≤4

≤0.5

≤1

≤1

≤2

≤0.25

≤0.25

4

2

≤0.5

≤64

S. pseud-intermedius

18/EPI2651

1

 

1338

A

>4

>16

≤0.016

>32

≤0.5

>2

64

>64

1

≤1

4

>32

>8

>8

8

≤1

≤0.5

512

S. haemolyticus

19/EPI0140

1

 

30

A

0.5

≤0.5

≤0.016

≤4

≤0.5

1

≤4

≤4

≤0.5

≤1

≤1

≤2

≤0.25

8

8

≤1

≤0.5

128

S. haemolyticus

19/EPI0129

1

 

68

A

2

8

>0.5

>32

4

>2

≤4

32

4

≤1

8

≤2

1

2

>16

≤1

≤0.5

>512

S. epidermidis

19/EPI0130

1

 

35

A

≤0.12

>16

≤0.016

>32

>4

1

64

32

≤0.5

≤1

8

>32

>8

4

4

≤1

≤0.5

256

B

S. aureus

18/EPI2714

 

1

97

A

≤0.12

≤0.5

≤0.016

8

≤0.5

>2

8

≤4

≤0.5

≤1

≤1

≤2

0.5

0.5

>16

2

≤0.5

≤64

S. aureus

18/EPI2723

 

1

5

A

≤0.12

≤0.5

≤0.016

8

≤0.5

>2

8

≤4

1

≤1

≤1

>32

0.5

≤0.25

>16

2

≤0.5

≤64

S. pseud-intermedius

18/EPI2623

16

1

551

A

>4

>16

0.03

>32

≤0.5

>2

8

>64

1

≤1

8

>32

>8

>8

8

≤1

≤0.5

>512

S. equorum

19/EPI0070

1

  

A

0.5

>16

≤0.016

>32

≤0.5

>2

8

>64

1

2

8

>32

8

0.5

>16

2

≤0.5

≤64

M. caseolyticus

19/EPI0068

1

 

39

D

>4

16

≤0.016

32

4

>2

64

≤4

≤0.5

≤1

≤1

≤2

>8

≤0.25

16

≤1

≤0.5

≤64

C

S. aureus

18/EPI2724

1

1

225

A

>4

≤0.5

≤0.016

≤4

≤0.5

>2

16

64

1

≤1

≤1

≤2

>8

>8

>16

2

≤0.5

≤64

S. pseud-intermedius

18/EPI2652

1

 

1339

A

>4

>16

≤0.016

>32

≤0.5

>2

≤4

>64

≤0.5

≤1

16

>32

>8

>8

4

≤1

≤0.5

>512

S. haemolyticus

19/EPI0101

11

 

9

A

4

>16

≤0.016

≤4

≤0.5

>2

≤4

>64

1

≤1

≤1

≤2

>8

2

8

≤1

≤0.5

>512

S. haemolyticus

19/EPI0069

2

 

9

A

4

>16

0.03

≤4

≤0.5

2

≤4

>64

1

≤1

≤1

≤2

>8

2

8

≤1

≤0.5

>512

S. epidermidis

19/EPI0136

1

 

568

A

4

≤0.5

≤0.016

≤4

>4

0.25

≤4

≤4

1

≤1

≤1

≤2

≤0.25

≤0.25

8

≤1

≤0.5

>512

S. epidermidis

19/EPI0109

1

 

910

A

≤0.12

≤0.5

≤0.016

≤4

≤0.5

>2

≤4

≤4

≤0.5

2

≤1

≤2

>8

≤0.25

8

≤1

≤0.5

≤64

S. epidermidis

19/EPI0108

1

 

88

A

>4

1

>0.5

>32

>4

2

8

>64

4

≤1

16

16

0.5

1

>16

2

256

>512

E

S. aureus

19/EPI0122

1

 

22

A

≤0.12

≤0.5

≤0.016

≤4

≤0.5

>2

8

≤4

≤0.5

≤1

≤1

≤2

≤0.25

>8

>16

2

≤0.5

≤64

S. haemolyticus

19/EPI0116

1

 

30

A

>4

>16

≤0.016

≤4

>4

>2

≤4

32

≤0.5

≤1

4

>32

>8

8

8

≤1

≤0.5

256

S. haemolyticus

19/EPI0119

2

 

42

A

>4

>16

≤0.016

>32

>4

>2

8

>64

1

2

>16

>32

>8

>8

>16

≤1

≤0.5

>512

S. haemolyticus

19/EPI0126

1

 

69

A

≤0.12

1

≤0.016

>32

≤0.5

>2

≤4

>64

≤0.5

2

>16

≤2

>8

>8

>16

≤1

≤0.5

>512

S. haemolyticus

19/EPI0121

1

 

69

A

≤0.12

8

≤0.016

>32

>4

>2

≤4

>64

≤0.5

2

>16

≤2

>8

>8

>16

≤1

≤0.5

>512

M. caseolyticus

19/EPI0120

4

 

38

D

≤0.12

>16

≤0.016

>32

≤0.5

>2

≤4

≤4

1

≤1

≤1

≤2

≤0.25

≤0.25

>16

≤1

1

≤64

M. caseolyticus

19/EPI0117

1

 

35

D

≤0.12

≤0.5

≤0.016

≤4

≤0.5

>2

≤4

≤4

1

≤1

≤1

4

>8

≤0.25

>16

≤1

1

≤64

M. canis

19/EPI0114

1

 

69

B

4

≤0.5

> 0.5

32

≤0.5

>2

≤4

32

2

≤1

4

≤2

0.5

0.5

>16

≤1

1

>512

M. canis

19/EPI0118

1

 

71

B-D

0.25

≤0.5

≤0.016

≤4

2

>2

≤4

≤4

1

≤1

≤1

≤2

≤0.25

≤0.25

16

≤1

1

≤64

M. canis

19/EPI0123

1

 

72

D

0.25

≤0.5

≤0.016

≤4

≤0.5

2

≤4

≤4

1

≤1

≤1

≤2

≤0.25

≤0.25

>16

≤1

1

≤64

F

S. haemolyticus

19/EPI0131

1

 

9

A

4

≤0.5

0.03

≤4

4

>2

≤4

32

4

≤1

4

≤2

≤0.25

1

>16

≤1

≤0.5

>512

S. epidermidis

19/EPI0138

1

 

88

A

≤0.12

1

≤0.016

>32

≤0.5

>2

≤4

≤4

≤0.5

≤1

≤1

16

≤0.25

≤0.25

8

≤1

≤0.5

256

G

S. haemolyticus

19/EPI0073

3

 

49

A

≤0.12

>16

≤0.016

≤4

≤0.5

>2

≤4

64

≤0.5

≤1

4

>32

≤0.25

>8

16

≤1

≤0.5

256

  1. aFor the five S. epidermidis isolates from employees, no data on antibiotic resistance profile or strain typing was available. bSequence types of the coagulase-negative staphylococci were determined for the representative strains. cMIC in bold indicates resistance. The resistance breakpoints presented are those for Staphylococcus spp. from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing [32] except for KAN and SMX for which the breakpoints from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [33] were used. dNo breakpoint was available for STR; an MIC > 32 was tentatively used as resistance breakpoint. eEUCAST breakpoints for vancomycin: for S. aureus > 2, for coagulase-negative staphylococci > 4. Abbreviations: Env environment, Empl employee, ST sequence type, CLI clindamycin, TET tetracycline, RIF rifampicin, STR streptomycin, FUS fusidic acid; PEN, penicillin, CHL chloramphenicol, KAN kanamycin, SYN synercid, VAN vancomycin, GEN gentamicin, TMP trimethoprim, ERY erythromycin, CIP ciprofloxacin, FOX cefoxitin, LZD linezolid, MUP mupirocin, SMX sulfamethoxazole, S. Staphylococcus, M. Macrococcus