| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group 5 | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
220 | 70 | 22 | 63 | 37 | Â | |
Age (years), median (IQR) | 46 (33–58) | 49 (33–58) | 31.5 (25–49) | 50 (38–58) | 47 (35.5–62) | 0.036 |
Gender (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.533 |
 Male | 108 (49.1) | 35 (50) | 13 (59.1) | 35 (55.6) | 23 (62.2) |  |
 Female | 112 (50.9) | 35 (50) | 9 (40.9) | 28 (44.4) | 14 (37.8) |  |
Underlying diseases (%) | ||||||
 Cardiovascular |  |  |  |  |  | 0.556 |
  Yes | 10 (4.5) | 64 (91.4) | 1 (4.5) | 5 (7.9) | 3 (8.1) |  |
  No | 210 (95.5) | 6 (8.6) | 21 (95.5) | 58 (92.1) | 34 (91.9) |  |
 Cerebrovascular |  |  |  |  |  | 0.026 |
  Yes | 11 (5.0) | 2 (2.9) | 3 (13.6) | 8 (12.7) | 5 (13.5) |  |
  No | 209 (95.0) | 68 (97.1) | 19 (86.4) | 55 (87.3) | 32 (86.5) |  |
 Chronic kidney disease |  |  |  |  |  | 0.068 |
  Yes | 17 (7.7) | 7 (10.0) | 0 | 1 (1.6) | 0 |  |
  No | 203 (92.3) | 63 (70.0) | 22 (100) | 62 (98.4) | 37 (100.0) |  |
 Diabetes mellitus |  |  |  |  |  | 0.138 |
  Yes | 12 (5.5) | 10 (14.3) | 1 (4.5) | 6 (9.5) | 4 (10.8) |  |
  No | 208 (94.5) | 60 (85.7) | 21 (95.5) | 57 (90.5) | 33 (89.2) |  |
 Malignancy |  |  |  |  |  | 0.717 |
  Yes | 68 (30.9) | 20 (28.6) | 4 (18.2) | 16 (25.4) | 10 (27.0) |  |
  No | 152 (69.1) | 50 (71.4) | 18 (81.8) | 47 (74.6) | 27 (73.0) |  |
 Indication for ICU admission (%) |  |  |  |  |  | 0.005 |
  Medical | 64 (29.1) | 21 (30.0) | 10 (45.5) | 23 (36.5) | 22 (59.5) |  |
  Surgical | 156 (70.9) | 49 (70.0) | 12 (54.5) | 40 (63.5) | 15 (40.5) |  |
 Referral from (%) |  |  |  |  |  | 0.378 |
  Other ward this hospital | 115 (52.3) | 36 (51.4) | 15 (68.2) | 33 (52.4) | 23 (62.2) |  |
  Other hospital | 40 (18.2) | 14 (20.0) | 2 (9.1) | 11 (17.5) | 10 (27.0) |  |
  Directly from Emergency Unit | 65 (29.5) | 20 (28.6) | 5 (22.7) | 19 (30.2) | 4 (10.8) |  |
Antibiotic exposure (pre-ICU admission) | ||||||
 Any antibiotic (%) | 163 (74.1) | 54 (77.1) | 18 (81.8) | 44 (69.8) | 32 (86.5) | 0.365 |
 Carbapenem (%) | 44 (20.0) | 3 (4.3) | 7 (31.8) | 12 (19.0) | 13 (35.1) | < 0.001 |
SIRS Score, (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.598 |
 Score > 2 | 200 (91.0) | 63 (70.0) | 22 (100.0) | 59 (93.7) | 33 (89.2) |  |
 Score < 2 | 20 (9.0) | 7 (10.0) | 0 | 4 (6.3) | 4 (10.8) |  |
qSOFA Score, (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.971 |
 Score ≥ 2 | 179 (81.4) | 56 (80.0) | 17 (77.3) | 51 (81.0) | 31 (83.2) |  |
 Score < 2 | 41 (18.6) | 14 (20.0) | 5 (22.7) | 12 (19.0) | 6 (16.2) |  |
Procedures (during ICU admission) | ||||||
Mechanical ventilation used (%) | 199 (90.5) | 59 (84.3) | 20 (90.9) | 57 (90.5) | 36 (97.3) | 0.314 |
Mechanical ventilation (days) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
  ≥ 5 days | 74 (33.6) | 30 (42.9) | 12 (54.5) | 34 (54.0) | 32 (86.5) |  |
  < 5 days | 146 (66.4) | 40 (57.1) | 10 (45.5) | 29 (46.0) | 5 (13.5) |  |
Central venous catheter used (%) | 193 (87.7) | 62 (88.6) | 19 (86.4) | 53 (84.1) | 36 (97.3) | 0.343 |
Central venous catheter (days) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
  ≥ 5 days | 96 (43.6) | 40 (57.1) | 12 (54.5) | 42 (66.7) | 33 (89.2) |  |
  < 5 days | 124 (56.4) | 30 (42.9) | 10 (45.5) | 21 (33.3) | 4 (10.8) |  |
Urinary catheter (%) | 220 (100.0) | 70 (100.0) | 22 (100.0) | 63 (100.0) | 37 (100.0) | NA |
Urinary catheter (days) median (IQR) | ||||||
  ≥ 5 days | 112 (50.9) | 44 (62.9) | 15 (68.2) | 46 (73.0) | 34 (91.9) | < 0.001 |
  < 5 days | 108 (49.1) | 26 (37.1) | 7 (31.8) | 17 (27.0) | 3 (8.1) |  |
Antibiotic therapy (during ICU admission) | ||||||
 Any antibiotic (%) | 217 (98.2) | 70 (100.0) | 21 (95.5) | 62 (98.4) | 36 (100.0) | 0.474 |
 Carbapenem (%) | 110 (49.8) | 26 (37.1) | 13 (59.1) | 29 (46.0) | 21 (58.3) | 0.179 |
Outcomes | ||||||
 Length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 4 (2–6) | 5 (3–9) | 6 (3–13) | 7 (4–13) | 11 (8–20) | < 0.001 |
 Death (%) | 67 (30.3) | 17 (24.3) | 8 (36.4) | 11 (17.5) | 16 (44.4) | 0.054 |