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Table 1 Studies describing hospital costs among patients with resistant and multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus

From: Economic burden of antibiotic resistance in ESKAPE organisms: a systematic review

Author

Bacteria

Comparison

Description of cost

Median cost in 2015 USD

Mean cost in 2015 USD

Case

Control

Median cost

Case

Control

Increase

Ratio

P-value

Mean cost

Case

Control

Increase

Ratio

P-value

Chen et al. [27]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

Median (IQR)

23,933(14148–34,484)

19,905(10916–39,283)

  

0.3950

      

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

Median (IQR)

19,718(13157–28,710)

19,538(10916–3941)

  

0.9350

      

Shorr et al. [28]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital charge

Median

77,123

78,399

  

> 0.05

Mean (SD)

108,117(104303)

104,303(100566)

  

> 0.05

Taneja et al. [29]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital charge

Median

79,150

93,164

  

0.5100

Mean (SD)

129,393(145555)

145,555(187275)

  

0.5100

Shorr et al. [30]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

Median (IQR)

52,492(23643–91,577)

47,066(20024–92,887)

  

0.3000

      

Itani et al. [31]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital charge

Median

25,741

24,311

  

0.4879

Mean (SD)

58,228(96845)

96,845(139202)

  

0.5921

Li et al. [32]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

Median

1977

2183

  

0.3900

Mean (SD)

5305(8817)

8817(3017)

  

0.3900

Park et al. [33]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

      

Mean (SD)

10,319(14220)

14,220(9867)

  

0.6200

Klein et al. [26]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

      

Mean (95% CI)

34,561(32951–36,170)

32,951(32379–36,038)

  

0.6900

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

     

0.0450

Mean (95% CI)

38,600(36848–40,766)

36,848(38756–42,776)

− 2166(− 1908-(−2010))

0.95

0.0450

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

     

< 0.001

Mean (95% CI)

14,807(14397–15,216)

14,397(15094–16,093)

− 787(− 697-(− 877))

0.95

< 0.001

Branch-Elliman et al. [34]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

      

Mean (95% CI)

    

0.4500

Kopp et al. [35]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

Median (IQR)

22,799(10007–122,637)

17,692(7279–50,166)

  

0.1100

      

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital charge

Median (IQR)

68,857(30536–296,770)

55,161(20323–154,440)

  

0.1620

      

de Kraker et al. [36]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Excess total hospital cost

     

Mean (95% CI)

2481(1348–3826)

1348(1933–3110)

  

P > 0.05

Ott et al. [37]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

Median (IQR)

94,921(36175–146,202)

60,583(24034–74,790)

34,339(12141–71,412)

1.57

0.0110

      

Ben-David et al. [38]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

Median (IQR)

146,716(63094–70,878)

54,300(41737–96,367)

92,416(21357–25,490)

2.70

< 0.001

      

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

Median (IQR)

68,826(42455–108,316)

45,272(23634–65,588)

23,554(18821–42,728)

1.52

0.0050

      

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Hospital cost after culture

Median (IQR)

66,356(31617–134,664)

22,684(13180–54,274)

43,671(18437–80,389)

2.93

< 0.001

      

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Hospital cost after culture

Median (IQR)

30,528(17455–55,896)

23,392(14293–42,786)

  

0.3000

      

McHugh et al. [39]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital charge

      

Mean

65,320

13,797

51,523

4.73

0.0003

Thampi et al. [40]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital charge

Median (IQR)

19,743(9490–42,061)

12,195(7116–29,294)

7547(2374–12,767)

1.62

0.0294

      

Rubio-Terres et al. [41]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

      

Mean

16,669

14,850

1819

1.12

< 0.05

Reed et al. [42]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

Median (range)

34,763(17499–60,252)

20,103(11995–26,845)

14,660(5505–33,407)

1.73

0.0001

Mean (SD)

43,715(33886)

33,886(24001)

18,544(9885)

1.74

0.0001

Engemann et al. [43]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital charge

Median (IQR)

127,047(55293–187,729)

72,615(39992–126,279)

54,432(15301–61,450)

1.75

< 0.001

      

S. aureus

MRSA

Without infection

Total hospital charge

Median (IQR)

127,047(55293–187,729)

40,516(21509–57,447)

86,531(33784–130,282)

3.14

< 0.001

      

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital charge

Median (IQR)

    

0.0300

      

Anderson et al. [44]

S. aureus

MRSA

Without infection

Total hospital charge

Median (IQR)

101,841(49115–164,750)

49,916(22878–78,128)

51,925(26237–86,622)

2.04

< 0.0001

      

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital charge

Median (IQR)

101,841(49115–164,750)

71,736(28610–111,800)

30,106(20505–52,950)

1.42

0.0010

      

Song et al. [45]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Excess total hospital charge

Median (95% CI)

  

56,900(53137–60,662)

 

< 0.001

      

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Excess total hospital charge

Median (95% CI)

  

180,948(174793–187,102)

< 0.001

      

Filice et al. [46]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

Median (range)

30,027(5178–99,399)

7712(0–40,102)

22,315(5178–59,297)

3.89

< 0.001

      

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Antibiotic cost

Median (range)

162(7–581)

24(0–385)

138(7–195)

6.76

< 0.001

      

Nelson et al. [47]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

      

Mean

38,294

24,127

14,167

1.59

< 0.0001

Lee et al. [48]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

Median

33,717

5392

28,325

6.25

< 0.001

Mean

34,582

9245

25,337

3.74

< 0.001

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

ICU cost

Median

27,349

4074

23,275

6.71

< 0.001

Mean

27,680

7187

20,493

3.85

< 0.001

Resch et al. [49]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

      

Mean

24,964

12,191

12,772(30229)

2.05

< 0.000

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

      

Mean

21,440

10,134

11,306(27376)

2.12

< 0.000

Nelson et al. [50]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Excess total hospital cost

     

Mean (95% CI)

  

34,315(32689–35,942)

 

< 0.0001

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Excess total hospital cost

     

Mean (95% CI)

  

26,103(11828–40,379)

 

< 0.0001

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Excess total hospital cost

     

Mean (95% CI)

  

29,190(24547–33,833)

 

< 0.0001

Xu et al. [51]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total hospital cost

      

Mean (SD)

4139(5032)

5032(3529)

1784(1503)

1.76

0.0060

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Antibiotic cost

      

Mean (SD)

223(199)

199(173)

82(26)

1.58

0.0070

Capitano et al. [52]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Total infection cost

Median (range)

3490(1137–11,908)

1783(359–9726)

1707(778–2182)

1.96

< 0.001

      

Cosgrove et al. [53]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Hospital charge after culture

Median (IQR)

36,347(19265–69,442)

26,426(13754–50,272)

9920(5512–19,169)

1.38

0.0080

      

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Hospital cost after culture

Median (IQR)

20,158(10685–38,512)

14,656(7627–27,882)

5502(3058–10,630)

1.38

0.0080

      

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Hospital charge before culture

Median (IQR)

2868(0–37,301)

1382(0–23,414)

1486(0–13,887)

2.07

0.0400

      

Lodise et al. [54]

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Hospital cost after culture

     

Mean

30,435

15,000

15,435

2.03

< 0.001

S. aureus

MRSA

MSSA

Hospital cost after culture

     

Mean (95% CI)

28,885(22839–36,533)

22,839(12784–19,040)

13,265(10055–17,493)

1.85

0.0010

Kim et al. [55]

S. aureus

MRSA

Without infection

Total hospital cost

Median (IQR)

20,356(10381–315,530)

8462(5267–18,686)

11,895(5115–296,844)

2.41

< 0.05

      

S. aureus

MRSA

Without infection

Total hospital charge

Median (IQR)

4911(2360–8387)

2486(917–4350)

2426(1444–4037)

1.98

< 0.05

      

Fu et al. [56]

S. aureus

MRSA

Without infection

Total hospital cost

Median (Q)

15,763(160950)

2185(43820)

13,578(117130)

7.21

0.0010

      

Engler Husch et al. [57]

S. aureus

MRSA

Without colonizaiton

Excess total hospital cost

     

Mean (95% CI)

  

2193(1699–2688)

 

< 0.01

  1. MRSA methicillin resistant S. aureus, MSSA methicillin susceptible S. aureus, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, Q quartile, USD the United States Dollars, SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval