From: Economic burden of antibiotic resistance in ESKAPE organisms: a systematic review
Author | Bacteria | Comparison | Description of cost | Median cost in 2015 USD | Mean cost in 2015 USD | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Control | Median cost | Case | Control | Increase | Ratio | P-value | Mean cost | Case | Control | Increase | Ratio | P-value | |||
Chen et al. [27] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost | Median (IQR) | 23,933(14148–34,484) | 19,905(10916–39,283) |  |  | 0.3950 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost | Median (IQR) | 19,718(13157–28,710) | 19,538(10916–3941) |  |  | 0.9350 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
Shorr et al. [28] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital charge | Median | 77,123 | 78,399 |  |  | > 0.05 | Mean (SD) | 108,117(104303) | 104,303(100566) |  |  | > 0.05 |
Taneja et al. [29] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital charge | Median | 79,150 | 93,164 | Â | Â | 0.5100 | Mean (SD) | 129,393(145555) | 145,555(187275) | Â | Â | 0.5100 |
Shorr et al. [30] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost | Median (IQR) | 52,492(23643–91,577) | 47,066(20024–92,887) |  |  | 0.3000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Itani et al. [31] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital charge | Median | 25,741 | 24,311 | Â | Â | 0.4879 | Mean (SD) | 58,228(96845) | 96,845(139202) | Â | Â | 0.5921 |
Li et al. [32] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost | Median | 1977 | 2183 | Â | Â | 0.3900 | Mean (SD) | 5305(8817) | 8817(3017) | Â | Â | 0.3900 |
Park et al. [33] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Mean (SD) | 10,319(14220) | 14,220(9867) | Â | Â | 0.6200 |
Klein et al. [26] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost |  |  |  |  |  |  | Mean (95% CI) | 34,561(32951–36,170) | 32,951(32379–36,038) |  |  | 0.6900 |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost |  |  |  |  |  | 0.0450 | Mean (95% CI) | 38,600(36848–40,766) | 36,848(38756–42,776) | − 2166(− 1908-(−2010)) | 0.95 | 0.0450 | |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | Mean (95% CI) | 14,807(14397–15,216) | 14,397(15094–16,093) | − 787(− 697-(− 877)) | 0.95 | < 0.001 | |
Branch-Elliman et al. [34] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Mean (95% CI) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.4500 |
Kopp et al. [35] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost | Median (IQR) | 22,799(10007–122,637) | 17,692(7279–50,166) |  |  | 0.1100 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital charge | Median (IQR) | 68,857(30536–296,770) | 55,161(20323–154,440) |  |  | 0.1620 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
de Kraker et al. [36] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Excess total hospital cost |  |  |  |  |  | Mean (95% CI) | 2481(1348–3826) | 1348(1933–3110) |  |  | P > 0.05 | |
Ott et al. [37] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost | Median (IQR) | 94,921(36175–146,202) | 60,583(24034–74,790) | 34,339(12141–71,412) | 1.57 | 0.0110 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ben-David et al. [38] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost | Median (IQR) | 146,716(63094–70,878) | 54,300(41737–96,367) | 92,416(21357–25,490) | 2.70 | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost | Median (IQR) | 68,826(42455–108,316) | 45,272(23634–65,588) | 23,554(18821–42,728) | 1.52 | 0.0050 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Hospital cost after culture | Median (IQR) | 66,356(31617–134,664) | 22,684(13180–54,274) | 43,671(18437–80,389) | 2.93 | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Hospital cost after culture | Median (IQR) | 30,528(17455–55,896) | 23,392(14293–42,786) |  |  | 0.3000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
McHugh et al. [39] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital charge | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Mean | 65,320 | 13,797 | 51,523 | 4.73 | 0.0003 |
Thampi et al. [40] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital charge | Median (IQR) | 19,743(9490–42,061) | 12,195(7116–29,294) | 7547(2374–12,767) | 1.62 | 0.0294 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rubio-Terres et al. [41] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost |  |  |  |  |  |  | Mean | 16,669 | 14,850 | 1819 | 1.12 | < 0.05 |
Reed et al. [42] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost | Median (range) | 34,763(17499–60,252) | 20,103(11995–26,845) | 14,660(5505–33,407) | 1.73 | 0.0001 | Mean (SD) | 43,715(33886) | 33,886(24001) | 18,544(9885) | 1.74 | 0.0001 |
Engemann et al. [43] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital charge | Median (IQR) | 127,047(55293–187,729) | 72,615(39992–126,279) | 54,432(15301–61,450) | 1.75 | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
S. aureus | MRSA | Without infection | Total hospital charge | Median (IQR) | 127,047(55293–187,729) | 40,516(21509–57,447) | 86,531(33784–130,282) | 3.14 | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital charge | Median (IQR) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.0300 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Anderson et al. [44] | S. aureus | MRSA | Without infection | Total hospital charge | Median (IQR) | 101,841(49115–164,750) | 49,916(22878–78,128) | 51,925(26237–86,622) | 2.04 | < 0.0001 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital charge | Median (IQR) | 101,841(49115–164,750) | 71,736(28610–111,800) | 30,106(20505–52,950) | 1.42 | 0.0010 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
Song et al. [45] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Excess total hospital charge | Median (95% CI) |  |  | 56,900(53137–60,662) |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Excess total hospital charge | Median (95% CI) |  |  | 180,948(174793–187,102) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||
Filice et al. [46] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost | Median (range) | 30,027(5178–99,399) | 7712(0–40,102) | 22,315(5178–59,297) | 3.89 | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Antibiotic cost | Median (range) | 162(7–581) | 24(0–385) | 138(7–195) | 6.76 | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
Nelson et al. [47] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost |  |  |  |  |  |  | Mean | 38,294 | 24,127 | 14,167 | 1.59 | < 0.0001 |
Lee et al. [48] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost | Median | 33,717 | 5392 | 28,325 | 6.25 | < 0.001 | Mean | 34,582 | 9245 | 25,337 | 3.74 | < 0.001 |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | ICU cost | Median | 27,349 | 4074 | 23,275 | 6.71 | < 0.001 | Mean | 27,680 | 7187 | 20,493 | 3.85 | < 0.001 | |
Resch et al. [49] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost |  |  |  |  |  |  | Mean | 24,964 | 12,191 | 12,772(30229) | 2.05 | < 0.000 |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost |  |  |  |  |  |  | Mean | 21,440 | 10,134 | 11,306(27376) | 2.12 | < 0.000 | |
Nelson et al. [50] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Excess total hospital cost |  |  |  |  |  | Mean (95% CI) |  |  | 34,315(32689–35,942) |  | < 0.0001 | |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Excess total hospital cost |  |  |  |  |  | Mean (95% CI) |  |  | 26,103(11828–40,379) |  | < 0.0001 | ||
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Excess total hospital cost |  |  |  |  |  | Mean (95% CI) |  |  | 29,190(24547–33,833) |  | < 0.0001 | ||
Xu et al. [51] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total hospital cost | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Mean (SD) | 4139(5032) | 5032(3529) | 1784(1503) | 1.76 | 0.0060 |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Antibiotic cost | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Mean (SD) | 223(199) | 199(173) | 82(26) | 1.58 | 0.0070 | |
Capitano et al. [52] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Total infection cost | Median (range) | 3490(1137–11,908) | 1783(359–9726) | 1707(778–2182) | 1.96 | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cosgrove et al. [53] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Hospital charge after culture | Median (IQR) | 36,347(19265–69,442) | 26,426(13754–50,272) | 9920(5512–19,169) | 1.38 | 0.0080 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Hospital cost after culture | Median (IQR) | 20,158(10685–38,512) | 14,656(7627–27,882) | 5502(3058–10,630) | 1.38 | 0.0080 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Hospital charge before culture | Median (IQR) | 2868(0–37,301) | 1382(0–23,414) | 1486(0–13,887) | 2.07 | 0.0400 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
Lodise et al. [54] | S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Hospital cost after culture |  |  |  |  |  | Mean | 30,435 | 15,000 | 15,435 | 2.03 | < 0.001 | |
S. aureus | MRSA | MSSA | Hospital cost after culture |  |  |  |  |  | Mean (95% CI) | 28,885(22839–36,533) | 22,839(12784–19,040) | 13,265(10055–17,493) | 1.85 | 0.0010 | ||
Kim et al. [55] | S. aureus | MRSA | Without infection | Total hospital cost | Median (IQR) | 20,356(10381–315,530) | 8462(5267–18,686) | 11,895(5115–296,844) | 2.41 | < 0.05 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
S. aureus | MRSA | Without infection | Total hospital charge | Median (IQR) | 4911(2360–8387) | 2486(917–4350) | 2426(1444–4037) | 1.98 | < 0.05 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
Fu et al. [56] | S. aureus | MRSA | Without infection | Total hospital cost | Median (Q) | 15,763(160950) | 2185(43820) | 13,578(117130) | 7.21 | 0.0010 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Engler Husch et al. [57] | S. aureus | MRSA | Without colonizaiton | Excess total hospital cost |  |  |  |  |  | Mean (95% CI) |  |  | 2193(1699–2688) |  | < 0.01 |