Table 1 Clinical characteristics and outcomes of the sample
Demographic characteristics | Medical | Surgical | Overall | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total patients, n (%) | 398 (79.0) | 106 (21.0) | 504 (100) | 0.297 |
Patient gender, n (%) | ||||
Female | 201 (50.5) | 67 (63.2) | 268 (53.2) | 0.020 |
Male | 197 (49.5) | 39 (36.8) | 236 (46.8) | |
Age years, mean (SD) | 68.6 (18.7) | 68.0 (16.4) | 68.5 (18.2) | 0.833 |
Total PIVC/ HLOS, n (%) | ||||
1 | 398 (68.7) | 106 (80.3) | 504 (70.9) | 0.017 |
2 | 120 (20.7) | 18 (13.6) | 138 (19.4) | |
3 | 37 (6.4) | 5 (3.8) | 42 (5.9) | |
4 | 13 (2.2) | 2 (1.5) | 15 (2.1) | |
5 | 7 (1.2) | 1 (0.8) | 8 (1.1) | |
6 | 3 (0.5) | 0 | 3 (0.4) | |
7 | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (0.1) | |
Total PVCs, n (%) | 585 (82.3) | 126 (17.7) | 711 (100) | |
Dressings | ||||
Transparent bordered polyurethane at insertion site | 585 (82.3) | 126 (17.7) | 711 (100) | |
Primary outcome | ||||
PIVC failure, n (%) | 226/585 (38.6) | 71/126 (56.3) | 297/711 (41.8) | < 0.001 |
PIVC failure n per 1000 HLOS | 172.1 | 54.1 | 226.2 | |
Secondary outcomes | ||||
Subtype PIVC failure | < 0.001 | |||
Obstruction, n (%) | 29 (5.0) | 15 (11.9) | 44 (6.2) | |
Obstruction n per 1000 HLOS | 22.1 | 11.4 | 33.5 | |
Phlebitis | 79 (13.4) | 28 (21.4) | 107 (15.0) | |
Phlebitis n per 1000 HLOS | 60.2 | 21.3 | 81.5 | |
Dislodgement | 8 (1.4) | 3 (2.4) | 11 (1.5) | |
Dislodgement n per 1000 HLOS | 6.1 | 2.3 | 8.4 | |
Extravasation | 107 (18.3) | 23 (18.3) | 130 (18.3) | |
Extravasation n per 1000 HLOS | 81.5 | 17.5 | 99.0 | |
Suspected infection | 3 (0.5) | 2 (1.6) | 5 (0.7) | |
Suspected infection n per 1000 HLOS | 2.3 | 1.5 | 3.8 | |
Negative tip | 553 (94.5) | 117 (92.9) | 670 (94.2) | 0.683 |
CRBSI (> 15 CFU), n (%) | 32 (5.5) | 9 (7.1) | 41 (5.8) | |
CRBSI n per 1000 HLOS | 24.4 | 6.8 | 31.2 | |
Colonised | 13 (40.6) | 5 (55.6) | 18 (43.9) | |
Colonised n per 1000 HLOS | 9.9 | 3.8 | 13.7 | |
CRBSI 1 | 18 (56.3) | 4 (44.4) | 22 (53.7) | |
CRBSI 1 n per 1000 HLOS | 13.7 | 3.0 | 16.7 | |
CRBSI 2 | 1 (3.1) | 0 | 1 (2.4) | |
CRBSI 2 n per 1000 HLOS | 0.7 | 0 | 0.7 | |
CRBSI 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
CRBSI 3 n per 1000 HLOS | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Isolated microorganisms, n (%) | 32 (100) | 9 (100) | 41 (100) | 0.153 |
Staphylococcus aureus | 1 (3.1) | 0 | 1 (2.4) | |
MRSA | 1 (3.1) | 0 | 1 (2.4) | |
Staphylococcus epidermidis | 23 (71.9) | 6 (66.7) | 29 (70.7) | |
Staphylococcus haemolyticus | 0 | 2 (22.2) | 2 (4.9) | |
Acinetobacter baumannii | 0 | 1 (11.1) | 1 (2.4) | |
Staphylococcus hominis | 2 (6.3) | 0 | 2 (4.9) | |
Staphylococcus capitis | 1 (3.1) | 0 | 1 (2.4) | |
Candida albicans | 1 (3.1) | 0 | 1 (2.4) | |
Corynebacterium sp. | 1 (3.1) | 0 | 1 (2.4) | |
Staphylococcus simulans | 1 (3.1) | 0 | 1 (2.4) | |
Non-fermenting gram-negative bacillus | 1 (3.1) | 0 | 1 (2.4) | |