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Table 1 Survey respondents’ characteristics

From: Cross-border comparison of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and AMR prevention measures: the healthcare workers’ perspective

Variable & levels

Total

All respondents

Diff. DE/NL

Physicians

Diff. P DE/NL

Nurses

Diff. N DE/NL

n (%)

DE

n (%)

NL

n (%)

Test

(P-value)

DE

n (%)

NL

n (%)

Test

(P-value)

DE

n (%)

NL

n (%)

Test

(P-value)

#

n (%)

574 (100)

305 (53)

269 (47)

–

128 (22)

49 (9)

–

177 (31)

220 (38)

–

Sex

Male

181 (32)

131 (43)

50 (19)

Chi2 (≤0.001)

86 (67)

32 (65)

Chi2 (0.812)

45 (25)

18 (8)

Chi2 (≤0.001)

Female

393 (68)

174 (57)

219 (81)

42 (33)

17 (35)

132 (75)

202 (92)

Age

< 25 years

30 (5)

20 (7)

11 (4)

Chi2 (≤0.001)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Fisher’s exact (≤0.001)

20 (11)

10 (5)

Chi2 (0.002)

25–35 years

182 (32)

121 (40)

61 (23)

58 (45)

8 (16)

63 (36)

53 (24)

36–45 years

157 (27)

78 (26)

78 (29)

45 (35)

19 (39)

33 (19)

60 (27)

46–55 years

129 (22)

60 (20)

67 (25)

17 (13)

10 (20)

43 (24)

59 (27)

56–65 years

74 (13)

25 (8)

51 (19)

7 (5)

11 (22)

18 (10)

38 (17)

> 65 years

2 (0)

1 (0)

1 (0)

1 (1)

1 (2)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Hospital

1 (general)

223 (39)

–

223 (83)

–

–

41 (84)

–

–

182 (83)

–

2 (academic)

252 (44)

251 (82)

–

96 (75)

–

156 (88)

–

3 (academic)

46 (8)

–

46 (17)

–

8 (16)

–

38 (17)

4 (university)

23 (4)

23 (8)

–

11 (9)

–

12 (7)

–

5 (university)

13 (2)

14 (5)

–

9 (7)

–

4 (2)

–

6 (university)

12 (2)

12 (4)

–

8 (6)

–

4 (2)

–

Otherb

5 (1)

5 (2)

–

4 (3)

–

1 (1)

–

Departmentsa

Anaesthesiology

80 (11)

72 (17)

8 (3)

–

34 (19)

5 (10)

–

38 (16)

3 (1)

–

Intensive Care

79 (11)

63 (15)

17 (6)

25 (14)

4 (2)

38 (16)

13 (5)

Paediatrics

77 (11)

42 (10)

35 (11)

14 (8)

1 (1)

28 (12)

34 (13)

Surgery

72 (10)

25 (6)

47 (15)

8 (4)

3 (2)

17 (7)

44 (17)

Obstetrics/Gynaecology

44 (6)

11 (3)

34 (11)

4 (2)

5 (3)

7 (3)

29 (11)

Internal medicine

36 (5)

20 (5)

16 (5)

15 (8)

1 (1)

5 (2)

15 (6)

Oncology

33 (5)

24 (6)

11 (4)

9 (5)

0 (0)

15 (6)

11 (4)

Orthopaedics

33 (5)

17 (4)

17 (6)

8 (4)

7 (4)

9 (4)

10 (4)

Emergency Department

30 (4)

17 (4)

13 (4)

9 (5)

3 (2)

8 (3)

10 (4)

Other

235 (33)

124 (30)

111 (36)

52 (29)

20 (11)

72 (30)

91 (35)

Hospital experience

< 1 year

25 (4)

15 (5)

10 (4)

Chi2 (≤0.001)

6 (5)

4 (8)

Chi2 (0.333)

9 (5)

6 (3)

Chi2 (0.005)

≥1 year, < 5 years

116 (20)

84 (28)

32 (12)

49 (38)

12 (24)

35 (20)

20 (9)

5–10 years

132 (23)

73 (24)

60 (22)

35 (27)

15 (31)

38 (21)

44 (20)

> 10 years

301 (52)

133 (44)

167 (62)

38 (30)

18 (37)

95 (54)

150 (68)

  1. Note. Differences between nationalities are calculated with Chi-square tests of homogeneity (Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) shown) or Fisher’s exact tests (Exact Sig. (2-sided) shown)
  2. aOnly departments with > 30 respondents in total (DE + NL) are shown. Respondents could select multiple departments (23% of the German and 9% of the Dutch HCW indicated to work at various departments)
  3. bSnowball-sampling included five respondents from two other hospitals, both located within the EUREGIO