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Table 4 Predictors of poor outcomes of TB treatment among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients (n = 103)

From: Treatment outcomes of drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Netherlands, 2005–2015

No

Predictors

Non-Poor outcome (n = 91; %)

Poor outcomeb (n = 12; %)

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis*

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p-value

1

Socio-demographic

 Male

42 (46.2)

11 (91.7)

12.83 (1.59–103.57)

0.003

9.80 (1.18–81.68)

0.035

 Age (years):

   

0.42

Not included

–

  18–24

26 (28.6)

2 (16.7)

Ref.

–

–

–

  25–64

63 (69.2)

9 (75)

1.86 (0.38–9.19)

–

–

–

  65+

2 (2.2)

1 (8.3)

6.50 (0.39–106.71)

–

–

–

 Foreign-born patientsd

89 (97.8)

12 (100)

n/a

0.99

Not included

–

 Urban domicilec

21 (23.1)

5 (41.7)

0.42 (0.12–1.46)

0.17

Not included

–

2

Current TB diagnosis

 Pulmonary diagnosis:

   

0.88

Not included

–

  ETB

21 (23.1)

2 (16.7)

Ref.

–

–

–

  PTB

55 (60.4)

8 (66.7)

1.53 (0.30–7.79)

–

–

–

  ETB + PTB

15 (16.5)

2 (16.7)

1.40 (0.17–11.08)

–

–

–

 Type of TB location:

   

0.71

Not included

–

  Lungs

65 (71.4)

8 (66.7)

0.95 (0.23–3.86)

–

–

–

  Miliary and central nervous system

3 (3.3)

1 (8.3)

2.56 (0.19–33.16)

–

–

–

  Others

23 (25.3)

3 (25)

Ref.

–

–

–

 Diagnosed by a doctor abroad

5 (5.5)

0 (0)

n/a

0.41

Not included

–

3

History of TB disease & treatment

 Previously diagnosed with TBa

18 (22.5)

4 (33.3)

1.72 (0.47–6.38)

0.47

Not included

–

 Previously LTBI treatmenta

5 (6.4)

0 (0)

n/a

0.38

Not included

–

4

The risk group of TB

 TB contacts

4 (4.4)

1 (8.3)

1.98 (0.20–19.32)

0.47

Not included

–

 Immigrants

20 (22)

1 (8.2)

0.32 (0.04–2.65)

0.45

Not included

–

 Asylum seekers

27 (29.7)

4 (33.3)

1.18 (0.33–4.27)

0.75

Not included

–

 Illegal residence persons

5 (5.5)

0 (0)

n/a

0.41

Not included

–

 Homeless individual

2 (2.2)

2 (16.7)

8.9 (1.13–70.26)

0.02

2.15 (0.19–24.28)

0.54

 Alcohol dependence

0 (0)

1 (8.3)

n/a

0.12

n/a

–

 Substance abuse

2 (2.2)

3 (25)

14.83 (2.18–100.78)

0.01

7.50 (1.07–52.37)

0.04

 Health care workers

1 (1.1)

0 (0)

n/a

0.72

Not included

–

 Travellers from/in endemic areas for more than 3 month

5 (5.5)

0 (0)

n/a

0.41

Not included

–

 Prisoners

4 (4.4)

0 (0)

n/a

0.46

Not included

–

5

Comorbidities

 Diabetes

3 (3.3)

1 (8.3)

2.67 (0.26–27.92)

0.39

Not included

–

 Malignancy

2 (2.2)

0 (0)

n/a

0.60

n/a

–

 Insufficient renal function or undergoing dialysis

0 (0)

0 (0)

n/a

n/a

n/a

–

 Organ transplantation

0 (0)

0 (0)

n/a

n/a

n/a

–

  1. Information: * The cases were analysed using backward step elimination method in the multivariate analysis; The Hosmer and Lemeshow test: 1.00; Ref.: Reference; Not included: the predictor was not included due to p-value > 0.15 in the univariate analysis; amissing data: previously diagnosed TB: 11 (10.7%), Previously treated LTBI: 14 (13.6%). LTBI: Latent Tuberculosis Infection. bPoor outcome of treatment is a combination of unsuccessful treatment and death outcome due to tuberculosis; cUrban domicile: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht; n/a: not applicable due to small number of event; dForeign-born countries: Somalia 25 (24.3%), Georgia 8 (7.8%), Russia 6 (5.8%), India 5 (49%), Others 57 (55.33%)
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Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control

ISSN: 2047-2994

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