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Table 2 Skin assessment by external rater and study participants across different glycerol concentrations in WHO ethanol-based handrub formulation

From: Glycerol content within the WHO ethanol-based handrub formulation: balancing tolerability with antimicrobial efficacy

Ethanol-based handrub formulation

Without glycerol

Na (%)

Glycerol 0.5%

Na (%)

Glycerol 0.75%

Na (%)

Glycerol 1.45%

Na (%)

External rater evaluation

 No Redness

38 (95.0)

40 (100.0)

40 (100.0)

40 (100.0)

 No Scaling

28 (70.0)

40 (100.0)

38 (95.0)

39 (97.5)

 No Fissure

33 (82.5)

37 (92.5)

38 (95.0)

38 (95.0)

 Visual rating of the skin

15 (37.5)

30 (75.0)

25 (62.5)

27 (67.5)

Self-evaluation

 Good appearance

15 (37.5)

32 (80.0)

26 (65.0)

30 (75.0)

 Good integrity

34 (85.0)

37 (92.5)

38 (95.0)

37 (92.5)

 Good humidity

17 (42.5)

30 (75.0)

29 (72.5)

30 (75.0)

 Good sensation

35 (87.5)

38 (95.0)

39 (97.5)

38 (95.0)

 Good general integrity

23 (57.5)

32 (80.0)

32 (80.0)

32 (80.0)

  1. Footnote to the Table 2
  2. aExpress the number (N) and percentage of evaluation considered good for the assessment of the skin by the rater (rater evaluation) and the participants (self-evaluation of condition) according to the concentration of glycerol in the alcohol-based handrub formulation