1. Structure, organisation and management of infection prevention and control - Limited IPC budget for IPC programmes; - High IPC staff turnover, particularly among IPC doctors; - Limited recognition by hospital management; - Limited feedback of the results to healthcare professionals. | |
2. Education and training in infection prevention and control - Limited resources for IPC education and training; - Little experience with team-and task-oriented learning, or peer-to-peer teaching education; - Little experience with implementation strategies; | |
3. Surveillance of outcome and process indicators - Few prospective incidence surveillance programmes - Little antimicrobial stewardship programmes in primary-care hospitals; - Little effort towards targeted MDRO screening of patients on admission |