From: Value of hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs [ASPs]: a systematic review
 | Number of studies | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Intervention (N = 145) | ||
 Therapy evaluation, review and/or feedback | 82 | 57 |
 Altered therapy guidelines | 37 | 25 |
 Giving education | 18 | 12 |
 Antibiotic restriction lists of pre-authorization | 15 | 10 |
 Rapid diagnostic tools | 11 | 8 |
 New biomarkers | 4 | 3 |
 Pre-analytic consultations | 2 | 1 |
 Antibiotic cycling | 1 | 1 |
 Other | 1 | 1 |
Outcome Measures (N = 146) | ||
Antibiotic Use | Â | Â |
 Antimicrobial resistance | 22 | 15 |
 Antibiotic usage | 100 | 68 |
Patient Outcomes | ||
 LOS (days) | 79 | 54 |
 Mortality rate | 58 | 40 |
 Overall readmission rate | 23 | 16 |
  o 28/30-day readmission rate | 15 | 10 |
Economic Outcomes | ||
 Antimicrobial costs | 91 | 62 |
 Implementation costs | 9 | 6 |
 LOS costs | 3 | 2 |
 Operational costs | 22 | 15 |
 Cost savings | 54 | 37 |
 Othera | 47 | 32 |