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Table 2 Demographics and clinical characteristics of cases and controls

From: Using local clinical and microbiological data to develop an institution specific carbapenem-sparing strategy in sepsis: a nested case-control study

Characteristic

Cases n (%)

Controls n (%)

P Value

OR (95% CI)

Patient demographics

 Male gender

45 (63.4)

80 (56.3)

.38

1.34 (0.75–2.41)

 Age > 65

32 (43.7)

73 (51.4)

.31

0.77 (0.44–1.38)

Medical history

 Diabetes mellitus

19 (26.8)

50 (35.2)

.28

0.67 (0.36–1.26)

 Corticosteroid therapy (prior 6 months)

32 (45.1)

47 (33.1)

.10

1.66 (0.93–2.97)

 Neutropenia

14 (19.7)

9 (6.3)

.005

3.62 (1.49–8.87)

 Solid organ transplantation

14 (19.7)

23 (16.2)

.57

1.27 (0.61–2.65)

 Hematologic malignancy

18 (25.4)

9 (6.3)

<.001

5.01 (2.12–11.87)

 Non-hematologic malignancy

12 (16.9)

33 (23.2)

.37

0.67 (0.32–1.40)

 Chronic urologic disorder

13 (18.3)

33 (23.2)

.48

0.74 (0.36–1.52)

 Chronic pulmonary disease

7 (9.9)

19 (13.4)

.51

0.71 (0.28–1.77)

 Recurrent urinary tract infections

7 (9.9)

14 (9.9)

1.00

1.00 (0.38–2.60)

Clinical presentation

 Fever (temperature > 38.5 °C)

49 (69.0)

104 (73.2)

.31

0.81 (0.43–1.53)

 EMV-score < 15

21 (30.6)

29 (20.4)

.23

1.57 (0.81–3.02)

 Hypotensiona

18 (25.4)

23 (16.2)

.14

1.79 (0.89–3.63)

Current antibiotic useb

49 (69.0)

37 (26.1)

<.001

6.32 (3.38–11.84)

Antibiotic usage preceding 2 months

67 (94.4)

67 (47.2)

<.001

18.75 (6.49–54.19)

ICU/MCU > 2 days

11 (15.5)

7 (4.9)

.02

3.54 (1.31–9.57)

ICU/MC preceding 6 months

23 (32.4)

16 (11.3)

<.001

3.77 (1.84–7.75)

Hospital stay preceding 6 months

49 (69.0)

65 (45.8)

.001

2.64 (1.45–4.82)

Hospitalization > 5 days

32 (45.1)

28 (19.7)

<.001

3.34 (1.79–6.24)

Prior-DRPc

42 (59.2)

27 (19.0)

<.001

6.17 (3.28–11.61)

Source of infection

  

.06

–

 Urinary tract

23 (32.4)

68 (47.9)

  

 Intra-abdominal tract

22 (31.0)

44 (31.0)

  

 Respiratory tract

3 (4.3)

9 (6.4)

  

 Skin/soft tissue

6 (8.6)

4 (2.8)

  

 Other

7 (9.9)

7 (4.9)

  

 Unidentified

10 (14.1)

10 (7.0)

  
  1. Data are presented as No. (%). P values are calculated by Fisher exact test, p-value for ‘source of infection’ was calculated by chi-square test. Abbreviations: OR = odds ratio, EMV-score: eye-motor-verbal score. ICU/MCU = intensive care unit / medium care unit. IQR = interquartile range. A Hypotension = systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg or requirement for intravenous vasopressor agents. B ‘Current antibiotic use’ = at least one administration of antibiotics during the 24 h preceding the collection of blood specimens. c ‘Prior-DRP’ = one of the following drug resistant pathogens isolated from any body site: Vancomycin resistant enterococci, multi resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae with in vitro resistance to aminoglycosides, second and/or third generation cephalosporin’s (including ESBL positive Enterobacteriaceae) and/or quinolones, Pseudomonas aeruginosa with resistance to third generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides or quinolones.
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Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control

ISSN: 2047-2994

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