Skip to main content

Table 2 Model Inputs: Cases and Deaths Averted; VSL, Value Per QALY, Value per QALD 2015–2020 (2015 $)

From: Assessing the social cost and benefits of a national requirement establishing antibiotic stewardship programs to prevent Clostridioides difficile infection in US hospitals

 

7% discount rate 10% effectiveness

3% discount rate 10% effectiveness

7% discount rate 50% effectiveness

3% discount rate, 50% effectiveness

  

Cases Averteda

  

 Inpatient Cases Averted

  

  HCA-CDI

167,699

184,749

838,493

923,743

  

  Recurrent

35,892

39,555

179,460

197,775

  

  Total

203,591

224.304

1,017,953

1,121,518

  

 Deaths Averted

  

  35% Attributable Mortality

5625

6199

28,123

30,996

  

  50% Attributable Mortality

8035

8856

40,176

44,280

  

VSL Estimates (2015 $)b

 3% DR

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

 Low

$4,500,000

$4,368,932

$4,335,941

$4,301,166

$4,175,889

$4,140,522

 Central

$9,400,000

$9,320,388

$9,143,180

$8,968,388

$8,884,870

$8,712,349

 High

$14,400,000

$14,174,757

$13,950,419

$13,727,125

$13,505,003

$13,370,436

 7% DR

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

 Low

$4,500,000

$4,236,288

$3,959,148

$3,782,363

$3,611,765

$3,375,481

 Central

$9,400,000

$9,037,415

$8,534,163

$8,140,304

$7,684,607

$7,253,694

 High

$14,400,000

$13,744,402

$13,021,197

$12,333,794

$11,680,602

$11,060,088

Value Per QALY (2015 $)

 3% DR

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

 Low

$222,833

$216,343

$214,709

$212,987

$206,784

$205,032

 Central

$465,474

$461,532

$452,757

$444,101

$439,966

$431,423

 High

$713,067

$701,913

$690,804

$679,747

$668,748

$662,084

 7% DR

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

 Low

$394,645

$377,023

$352,358

$336,466

$321,144

$300,135

 Central

$833,140

$786,831

$750,676

$708,725

$669,051

$637,787

 High

$1,271,634

$1,204,835

$1,141,334

$1,080,985

$1,023,648

$969,186

Value Per QALD (2015 $)

 3% DR - Cases

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

 Low

$1160

$1126

$1118

$1109

$1076

$1067

 Central

$2423

$2402

$2357

$2312

$2290

$2246

 High

$3712

$3654

$3596

$3538

$3481

$3446

 3% DR - Recurrent

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

 Low

$1569

$1523

$1512

$1499

$1456

$1443

 Central

$3277

$3249

$3187

$3126

$3097

$3037

 High

$5020

$4941

$4863

$4785

$4708

$4661

 7% DR - Cases

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

 Low

$2054

$1963

$1834

$1751

$1672

$1562

 Central

$4337

$4096

$3908

$3689

$3483

$3320

 High

$6619

$6272

$5941

$5627

$5329

$5045

 7% DR - Recurrent

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

 Low

$2778

$2654

$2481

$2369

$2261

$2113

 Central

$5865

$5539

$5285

$4989

$4710

$4490

 High

$8952

$8482

$8035

$7610

$7206

$6823

  1. VSL value of statistical life, QALY quality-adjusted life year, QALD quality-adjusted life day, DR discount rate.
  2. a To calculate the number of cases, we took national incidence rates from Lessa et al. (2015) and applied them to projections of the US population (by year of age) for 2015–2020 (United States Census Bureau 2014)) [24, 28]. Rates of attributable CDI mortality were derived by the authors’ based on analysis by Kwon et al. [33].
  3. bThe base estimates for the VSL were taken from the new HHS guidelines for conducting regulatory impact analysis (HHS 2017) [25].