Table 1 Overall antimicrobial consumption using different metrics by the patient demographics, ICU type, and antimicrobial type
From: Antimicrobial consumption in five adult intensive care units: a 33-month surveillance study
| Â | Average consumption per day | Sum of consumption during the study | Average DOT per admission | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Grams (mean ± SD) | DDD (mean ± SD) | DDD (Sum) | DDD (%) | DOT (Sum) | DOT (%) | |
Overall | 3.23 ± 4.82 | 0.94 ± 0.91 | 43,970.1 | 100.0% | 46,940 | 100.0% | 9.5 |
Age | |||||||
 19–45 | 3.79 ± 5.44 | 1.08 ± 1.01 | 12,706.5 | 28.9% | 11,802 | 25.1% |  |
 46–65 | 3.27 ± 4.83 | 0.93 ± 0.9 | 12,396.3 | 28.2% | 13,277 | 28.3% |  |
  > 65 | 2.9 ± 4.4 | 0.86 ± 0.85 | 18,867.3 | 42.9% | 21,861 | 46.6% |  |
Gender | |||||||
 Male | 3.45 ± 5.02 | 0.95 ± 0.88 | 25,725.8 | 58.5% | 27,188 | 57.9% |  |
 Female | 2.92 ± 4.51 | 0.92 ± 0.95 | 18,238.0 | 41.5% | 19,743 | 42.1% |  |
Type of ICU | |||||||
 Medical/surgical | 2.86 ± 4.42 | 0.91 ± 0.9 | 20,981.9 | 47.7% | 23,150 | 49.3% | 14.3 |
 Neurosurgical | 5.31 ± 6.25 | 1.14 ± 0.8 | 6285.9 | 14.3% | 5504 | 11.7% | 7.0 |
 Burn | 3.36 ± 5.14 | 0.95 ± 0.75 | 3632.7 | 8.3% | 3820 | 8.1% | 9.8 |
 Cardiothoracic | 5.17 ± 5.87 | 0.93 ± 0.62 | 2823.4 | 6.4% | 3050 | 6.5% | 2.0 |
 Step-down | 2.41 ± 3.84 | 0.9 ± 1.07 | 10,246.3 | 23.3% | 11,416 | 24.3% | 18.3 |
Antimicrobials | |||||||
 Amikacin | 0.63 ± 0.38 | 0.63 ± 0.38 | 385.1 | 0.9% | 607 | 1.3% |  |
 Gentamicin | 0.19 ± 0.13 | 0.8 ± 0.53 | 684.5 | 1.6% | 851 | 1.8% |  |
 Imipenem | 1.53 ± 0.62 | 0.77 ± 0.31 | 2079.1 | 4.7% | 2710 | 5.8% |  |
 Meropenem | 2.34 ± 1.02 | 1.17 ± 0.51 | 11,770.4 | 26.8% | 10,047 | 21.4% |  |
 Ceftriaxone | 2.02 ± 1.11 | 1.01 ± 0.55 | 1155.5 | 2.6% | 1142 | 2.4% |  |
 Cefotaxime | 2.89 ± 0.49 | 0.72 ± 0.12 | 69.4 | 0.2% | 96 | 0.2% |  |
 Ceftazidime | 3.14 ± 1.81 | 0.78 ± 0.45 | 495.0 | 1.1% | 631 | 1.3% |  |
 Cefepime | 2.92 ± 1.53 | 1.46 ± 0.77 | 856.2 | 1.9% | 586 | 1.2% |  |
 Ciprofloxacin, IV | 0.72 ± 0.34 | 1.44 ± 0.67 | 3974.2 | 9.0% | 2760 | 5.9% |  |
 Ciprofloxacin, oral | 0.76 ± 0.3 | 0.76 ± 0.3 | 78.4 | 0.2% | 103 | 0.2% |  |
 Norfloxacin, IV | 0.45 ± 0.46 | 0.57 ± 0.71 | 463.6 | 1.1% | 810 | 1.7% |  |
 Norfloxacin, oral | 0.43 ± 0.14 | 0.54 ± 0.17 | 19.5 | 0.0% | 36 | 0.1% |  |
 Piperacillin/ Tazobactam | 12.89 ± 4.33 | 0.92 ± 0.31 | 7270.2 | 16.5% | 7896 | 16.8% |  |
 Vancomycin, IV | 1.46 ± 0.86 | 0.73 ± 0.43 | 4715.5 | 10.7% | 6476 | 13.8% |  |
 Vancomycin, oral | 1.12 ± 0.51 | 1.12 ± 0.51 | 596.7 | 1.4% | 533 | 1.1% |  |
 Tigecycline | 0.11 ± 0.05 | 1.08 ± 0.52 | 1255.5 | 2.9% | 1163 | 2.5% |  |
 Colistin | 0.35 ± 0.18 | 0.12 ± 0.06 | 738.3 | 1.7% | 6360 | 13.5% |  |
 Caspofungin | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 1.1 ± 0.56 | 4125.5 | 9.4% | 3742 | 8.0% |  |
 Amphotericin B | 0.29 ± 0.08 | 8.28 ± 2.28 | 3237.6 | 7.4% | 391 | 0.8% |  |
Route | |||||||
 Intravenous | 3.25 ± 4.84 | 0.94 ± 0.91 | 43,329.1 | 98.5% | 46,311 | 98.7% |  |
 Oral | 1.25 ± 1.75 | 1.02 ± 0.53 | 641.1 | 1.5% | 629 | 1.3% |  |