Variable | CA (nā=ā70) | HCA (nā=ā102) | Nosocomial (nā=ā165) | p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CA vs. HCA | HCA vs. Nosocomial | CA vs. Nosocomial | ||||
Demographics | ||||||
āAge, (MeanāĀ±āSD), years | 71.43āĀ±ā13.64 | 72.37āĀ±ā14.39 | 67.71āĀ±ā16.32 | 0.696 | 0.031 | 0.122 |
āGender, male | 37 (52.9) | 70 (68.6) | 95 (57.6) | 0.036 | 0.071 | 0.505 |
Days of hospitalization prior to culture, median (IQR), days | 0.0 (0.0ā0.0) | 0.0 (0.0ā0.0) | 14.0 (6.0ā25.0) | N/A | <ā0.001 | <ā0.001 |
Polymicrobial infection | 12 (17.1) | 16 (15.7) | 40 (24.2) | 0.799 | 0.095 | 0.231 |
Primary site of infection | ||||||
āPneumonia | 4 (5.7) | 20 (19.6) | 36 (21.8) | 0.013 | 0.666 | 0.002 |
āUrinary tract | 14 (20.0) | 18 (17.6) | 15 (9.1) | 0.697 | 0.039 | 0.020 |
āIntra-abdomena | 26 (37.1) | 32 (31.4) | 36 (21.8) | 0.432 | 0.082 | 0.015 |
āLiver abscess | 14 (20.0) | 5 (4.9) | 2 (1.2) | 0.002 | 0.110 | <ā0.001 |
āSkin and soft tissue | 2 (2.9) | 1 (1.0) | 4 (2.4) | 0.567 | 0.652 | 1.000 |
āIntravenous catheter | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 8 (4.8) | 1.000 | 0.160 | 0.109 |
āPrimary bacteremia | 5 (7.1) | 21 (20.6) | 60 (36.4) | 0.016 | 0.006 | <ā0.001 |
āDisseminated infection | 4 (5.7) | 4 (3.9) | 2 (1.2) | 0.717 | 0.206 | 0.066 |
Underlying disease | ||||||
āMalignancy | 12 (17.1) | 49 (48.0) | 95 (57.6) | <ā0.001 | 0.129 | <ā0.001 |
āDiabetes mellitus | 27 (38.6) | 41 (40.2) | 46 (27.9) | 0.830 | 0.037 | 0.105 |
āChronic kidney disease | 28 (40.0) | 35 (34.3) | 57 (34.5) | 0.447 | 0.969 | 0.426 |
āHemodialysis | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.9) | 15 (9.1) | 0.081 | 0.206 | 0.007 |
āCongestive heart failure | 4 (5.7) | 13 (12.7) | 14 (8.5) | 0.193 | 0.262 | 0.597 |
āLiver cirrhosis | 6 (8.6) | 10 (9.8) | 14 (8.5) | 0.785 | 0.714 | 0.983 |
āCerebral vascular disease | 7 (10.0) | 15 (14.7) | 28 (17.0) | 0.364 | 0.625 | 0.170 |
āChronic obstructive lung disease | 2 (2.9) | 7 (6.9) | 6 (3.6) | 0.313 | 0.234 | 1.000 |
āCollagen vascular disease | 2 (2.9) | 3 (2.9) | 6 (3.6) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
āTransplantation | 1 (1.4) | 4 (3.9) | 5 (3.0) | 0.649 | 0.735 | 0.672 |
āImmunosuppressionb | 5 (7.1) | 41 (40.2) | 69 (41.8) | <ā0.001 | 0.794 | <ā0.001 |
Invasive procedures and devices at onset of bacteremia | 14 (20.0) | 30 (29.4) | 98 (59.4) | 0.165 | <ā0.001 | <ā0.001 |
āCentral venous catheter | 1 (1.4) | 3 (2.9) | 45 (27.3) | 0.647 | <ā0.001 | <ā0.001 |
āNasogastric/Nasojejunal tube | 9 (12.9) | 21 (20.6) | 72 (43.6) | 0.189 | <ā0.001 | <ā0.001 |
āUrinary catheter | 8 (11.4) | 16 (15.7) | 53 (32.1) | 0.429 | 0.003 | 0.001 |
āEndotracheal tubec | 1 (1.4) | 2 (2.0) | 24 (14.5) | 1.000 | <ā0.001 | 0.002 |
āTracheostomy | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (10.9) | 0.407 | <ā0.001 | 0.016 |
āSurgical drainage | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (9.7) | N/A | <ā0.001 | 0.004 |
Surgery within 2Ā weeks | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.9) | 32 (19.4) | 0.081 | 0.001 | <ā0.001 |
Prior antibiotic exposure | ||||||
āAny antibiotic | 0 (0.0) | 30 (29.4) | 109 (66.1) | <ā0.001 | <ā0.001 | <ā0.001 |
ā1st or 2nd generation cephalosporind | 0 (0.0) | 16 (15.7) | 46 (27.9) | <ā0.001 | 0.022 | <ā0.001 |
ā3rd or 4th generation cephalosporine | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.9) | 25 (15.2) | 0.147 | 0.004 | <ā0.001 |
āĪ²-lactam and Ī²-lactamase inhibitorf | 0 (0.0) | 11 (10.8) | 55 (33.3) | 0.003 | <ā0.001 | <ā0.001 |
āCarbapenemg | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.9) | 31 (18.8) | 0.081 | 0.001 | <ā0.001 |
āFluoroquinoloneh | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.9) | 23 (13.9) | 0.147 | 0.011 | <ā0.001 |
āAminoglycosidei | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 9 (5.5) | 1.000 | 0.095 | 0.061 |
āTigecycline | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 12 (7.3) | 1.000 | 0.020 | 0.020 |
āGlycopeptidej | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 20 (12.1) | 1.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
āMetronidazole | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.0) | 11 (6.7) | 0.514 | 0.140 | 0.037 |
Pitt bacteremia score, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.0ā2.0) | 1.0 (0.0ā3.0) | 2.0 (0.0ā4.0) | 0.517 | 0.054 | 0.012 |
APACHE II score, median (IQR) | 11.0 (9.0ā16.0) | 17.0 (11.0ā22.0) | 19.0 (14.0ā24.0) | <ā0.001 | 0.016 | <ā0.001 |