Table 3 Validity comparisons for Google Trends to detect MRSA outbreaks with SO-ZI/AMR as the reference standard. Day 0 indicates the day the outbreak was reported to SO-ZI/AMR
From: Social media posts and online search behaviour as early-warning system for MRSA outbreaks
Day | Any MRSA outbreak | MRSA outbreak in hospital | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AUC | (95% CI) | Optimal cutoffa | Se | Sp | AUC | (95% CI) | Optimal cutoffa | Se | Sp | |
−7 | 0.61 | (0.54–0.69) | −0.2018 | 75 | 47 | 0.59 | (0.51–0.67) | − 0.6507 | 100 | 23 |
−6 | 0.51 | (0.44–0.59) | − 0.1208 | 63 | 51 | 0.51 | (0.42–0.59) | −0.6965 | 93 | 21 |
−5 | 0.46 | (0.38–0.55) | −0.4318 | 71 | 33 | 0.48 | (0.39–0.58) | −0.8801 | 97 | 13 |
−4 | 0.50 | (0.42–0.58) | −0.5524 | 81 | 28 | 0.53 | (0.44–0.62) | −0.5524 | 87 | 28 |
−3 | 0.46 | (0.38–0.54) | −0.5377 | 81 | 29 | 0.48 | (0.39–0.58) | −0.5377 | 87 | 29 |
−2 | 0.52 | (0.44–0.61) | 0.1445 | 42 | 65 | 0.47 | (0.37–0.57) | −0.6828 | 83 | 21 |
−1 | 0.59 | (0.50–0.67) | 0.0425 | 60 | 61 | 0.59 | (0.47–0.71) | 0.0672 | 67 | 62 |
0 | 0.59 | (0.51–0.67) | −0.5524 | 90 | 28 | 0.63 | (0.54–0.73) | 0.3316 | 43 | 79 |
+ 1 | 0.54 | (0.46–0.63) | −0.1769 | 63 | 48 | 0.49 | (0.39–0.59) | −1.1493 | 100 | 7 |
+ 2 | 0.49 | (0.41–0.57) | − 1.1833 | 100 | 6 | 0.46 | (0.36–0.55) | −0.9484 | 97 | 11 |
+3 | 0.50 | (0.43–0.58) | −0.5149 | 79 | 29 | 0.56 | (0.46–0.66) | −0.1118 | 63 | 51 |
+ 4 | 0.49 | (0.41–0.57) | −0.6828 | 90 | 21 | 0.49 | (0.40–0.59) | −0.6828 | 93 | 21 |
+ 5 | 0.44 | (0.37–0.51) | 0.1674 | 15 | 65 | 0.39 | (0.31–0.47) | −1.3370 | 100 | 4 |
+ 6 | 0.49 | (0.42–0.57) | − 1.0128 | 98 | 9 | 0.47 | (0.38–0.57) | −1.0128 | 97 | 9 |
+ 7 | 0.53 | (0.45–0.60) | −0.4993 | 85 | 30 | 0.50 | (0.40–0.61) | − 0.5745 | 83 | 27 |