Table 2 Studies that Evaluated CRE Incidence
First Author (Year) | Study Population | CLSI protocol | Study Period | Culture type | # of Infections | IncidenceRate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brennan (2014) [15] | CRE Surveillance and Prevention Initiative in Michigan | M100-S22 2012 | 09/2012–02/2013 | All cultures positive for carbapenem non-susceptible K. pneumoniae or E.coli. All cases had a positive or unknown modified Hodge-Test result. Only 1 case per patient per 30-day period. | 102 | Per 10,000 patient-days Overall: 1.07 Acute care: 1.01 LTAC: 2.93 East: 1.24 West: 0.52 Mid-North: 0.36 |
Lesho (2015) [16] | Tricare, i.e.civilian component of the US military health care system | M100-S20–2010 | 01/2005–12/2012 | All CRE-positive cultures (E.coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp.). For each year of surveillance, the first CRE-positive culture per patient was included. | 368 | Per 100,000 person-years All Years: 0.487 2012: 0.394 2011: 0.528 2010: 0.672 2009: 0.607 2008: 0.439 2007: 0.424 2006: 0.490 2005: 0.335 |
Marquez (2013) [17] | Los Angeles County | M100-S20 2010 | 06/2010–05/2011 | All cultures positive for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. Only 1 isolate allowed per patient per calendar month. | 675 | Per 1000 patient-days Acute and LTAC: 0.46 LTAC only: 2.54 Acute only: 0.31 |
Thaden (2014) [19] | Duke Infection Control Outreach Network (DICON) | M100-S20 2010 (20%) sites; earlier CLSI definitions (80% sites) | 01/2008–12/2012 | All CRE-positive cultures. Only 1 culture was allowed per patient for the entire surveillance period. | 180 | Per 100,000 patient-days 2008: 0.26 2012: 1.4 |
Guh (2015) [18] | Multi-site Gram-negative Surveillance Initiative | M100-S22 2012 | 1/2012–12/2013 | All CRE non-susceptible cultures (E.coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp.) from a normally sterile site or urine. An incident case was defined as the first isolate from a patient per 30-day period. | 599 | Per 100,000 persons 2012: 2.94 2013: 2.93 |