Table 5 Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the STEC strains isolated from raw milk and traditional dairy product samples
Samples (No. STEC strains) | Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (%) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aadA1 | tetA | tetB | dfrA1 | qnr | aac(3)-IV | sul1 | blaSHV | CITM | cat1 | cmlA | |
Raw bovine milk (9) | 3 (33.33) | 7 (77.77) | 1 (11.11) | 5 (55.55) | 1 (11.11) | 9 (100) | 4 (44.44) | 3 (33.33) | 9 (100) | 1 (11.11) | – |
Raw ovine milk (5) | 3 (60) | 4 (80) | 1 (20) | 3 (60) | 1 (20) | 5 (100) | 2 (40) | 1 (20) | 5 (100) | 1 (20) | – |
Raw caprine milk (7) | 4 (57.14) | 5 (71.42) | 2 (28.57) | 4 (57.14) | 2 (28.57) | 7 (100) | 2 (28.57) | 2 (28.57) | 7 (100) | 1 (14.28) | – |
Raw buffalo milk (10) | 3 (30) | 8 (80) | 2 (20) | 6 (60) | 3 (30) | 10 (100) | 5 (50) | 3 (30) | 9 (90) | 2 (20) | – |
Cheese (17) | 7 (41.17) | 12 (70.58) | 4 (23.52) | 8 (47.05) | 4 (23.52) | 17 (100) | 7 (41.17) | 5 (29.41) | 16 (94.11) | 4 (23.52) | 1 (755.88 |
Yoghurt (2) | 1 (50) | 2 (100) | – | 1 (50) | – | 2 (100) | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 2 (100) | – | – |
Butter (4) | 3 (75) | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | 2 (50) | 1 (25) | 4 (100) | 2 (50) | 1 (25) | 4 (100) | 1 (25) | – |
Cream (6) | 4 (66.66) | 5 (83.33) | 1 (16.66) | 3 (50) | 1 (16.66) | 6 (100) | 2 (33.33) | 2 (33.33) | 6 (100) | 1 (16.66) | – |
Ice-cream (4) | 3 (75) | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | 4 (100) | 2 (50) | 2 (50) | 4 (100) | 1 (25) | – |
Total (64) | 31 (48.43) | 49 (76.56) | 13 (20.31) | 35 (54.68) | 14 (21.87) | 64 (100) | 27 (42.18) | 20 (31.25) | 62 (96.87) | 12 (18.75) | 1 (1.56) |