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Table 4 Prescribing indicators at the selected wards in the Bahawal Victoria Hospital (n = 1,000) (Indicators 6–10, 13, 14)

From: Investigation of antimicrobial use at a tertiary care hospital in Southern Punjab, Pakistan using WHO methodology

Hospital Wards

Prescribing indicators

Percent of hospitalizations with one or more AMs

Average AMs per hospitalization in which AMs were prescribed (SD)

Percent of AMs prescribed from FL/EML

Average cost (USD) of AMs prescribed per hospitalization in which AMs were prescribed (SD)

Average duration of prescribed AMs treatment days (SD)

Percent of pneumonia patients who received AMs

Percent of patients who received AMs for Pneumonia in accordance with clinical guidelinesa

Percent of AMs prescribed by INN

1. CDU

91

1.2 (0.4)

100

4.6 (8.7)

5.4 (2.7)

14

0

41.6

2. ENT

89

1.3 (0.6)

100

3.2 (2.3)

5 (2.7)

0

-

78.6

3. Gynecology

91

2 (0)

100

9.5 (5.6)

6 (3.6)

0

-

50

4. Medical 1

89

1.3 (0.6)

98.9

5.8 (6.2)

5 (3.4)

8

0

20.5

5. Medical 2

91

1.3 (0.5)

100

6.7 (9.4)

5.4 (3.8)

6

0

18.5

6. Nephrology

63

1.3 (0.5)

100

7.2 (10.2)

7 (2.1)

0

-

62.7

7. Orthopedics

65

1.5 (0.7)

100

3.4 (3.5)

2.6 (1.3)

0

-

65.7

8. Surgical 4

95

1.4 (0.7)

100

6.9 (5.5)

5.8 (3.3)

0

-

8

9. Skin

63

1.3 (0.6)

100

2.4 (3.7)

5.5 (2.6)

0

-

12.1

10. Urology

86

1.3 (0.5)

100

3.6 (3.2)

6.3 (3.3)

0

-

55.6

Mean (SD)/Percentage

82.3

1.4 (0.6)

99.9

5.4 (6.7)

5.4 (3.2)

0.03

0

52.5

ANOVA

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p < 0.0051

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p < 0.0051

p < 0.0051

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  1. AMs Antimicrobials, FL/EML Formulary list/essential medicines list, USD United States Dollars, INN International non-proprietary name, CDU Chest Disease Unit, ENT Ear Nose Throat
  2. aInfectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults (https://www.thoracic.org/statements/resources/mtpi/idsaats-cap.pdf)
  3. 1Bonferroni correction results are included in Additional file 2