Table 2 Characteristics of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with in-hospital mortality.

Age (years)

64.09 ± 2.57

68.83 ± 4.09

0.351^b

Ethnicity

 Malay

2

2

0.317^c

 Chinese

6

3

0.317^c

 Indian

3

1

1.000^c

Gender

 Male

4

5

0.111^c

 Female

7

1

0.034^c

Underlying diseases

 Hypertension

9 (82%)

4 (67%)

0.584

 Diabetes mellitus

9 (82%)

3 (50%)

0.280

 Solid organ tumor

2 (18%)

2 (33%)

0.584

 Chronic kidney disease

2 (18%)

0 (0%)

0.515

Site of isolation

 Blood

3 (27.3%)

1 (16.7%)

0.515

 Swabs

3 (27.3%)

0 (0%)

0.515

 Urine

2 (18.2%)

2 (33.3%)

0.58

 Drainage fluids

1 (9.1%)

1 (16.7%)

1.000

 Sputum

1 (9.1%)

0 (0%)

1.000

 Tissue

1 (9.1%)

0 (0%)

1.000

 Tracheal aspirate

0 (0%)

1 (16.7%)

0.353

 Tracheal secretion

0 (0%)

1 (16.7%)

0.353

Length of hospitalization (days)

35.09 ± 14.88

38.17 ± 17.65

1.000^d

Stay in ICU

2 (18%)

2 (33%)

0.584

Undergone surgical procedure

8 (73%)

5 (83%)

1.000

Used ventilation devices

5 (45%)

6 (100%)

0.043

Used catheter

9 (82%)

6 (100%)

0.515

Antibiotic prescribed 90 days prior to strain isolation

 Cephalosporins

6 (55%)

4 (67%)

1.000

 Penicillins & beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors

6 (55%)

3 (50%)

1.000

 Carbapenems

4 (36%)

2 (33%)

1.000

 Colistin

1 (9%)

0

1.000

 Others (ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, metronidazole & oxytetracycline)

8 (73%)

4 (67%)

1.000

Empiric treatment

 Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors

5 (46%)

2 (33%)

1.000

 Cephalosporins

2 (18%)

2 (33%)

0.584

 Carbapenems

2 (18%)

2 (33%)

0.584

 Ciprofloxacin

2 (18%)

0

0.515

 Vancomycin

1 (9%)

1 (17%)

1.000

 Colistin

1 (9%)

0

1.000

Targeted therapy

 Carbapenem + Colistin

3 (27%)

2 (33%)

1.000

 Colistin

1 (9%)

1 (17%)

1.000

 Carbapenem (Meropenem / Imipenem)

1 (9%)

1 (17%)

1.000

 Vancomycin & Piperacillin-tazobactam

1 (9%)

0

1.000

 Nil^a

5 (46%)

2 (33%)

1.000

Colonization / Infection

 Colonization

7 (63%)

2 (33%)

0.162

 Infection

4 (36%)

4 (67%)

0.162

Resistance to antibiotics (MIC)

 Imipenem

10 (91%)

2 (33%)

0.04 ^c

 Meropenem

9 (82%)

6 (100%)

0.515

 Ertapenem

9 (82%)

5 (83%)

0.232^c

Carbapenemases

 OXA-48

8 (73%)

4 (67%)

1.000

 KPC-2

5 (45%)

3 (50%)

1.000

 IMP-8

2 (18%)

0 (0%)

0.515

 NMC-A

0 (0%)

2 (33%)

0.110

 NDM-1

1 (9%)

0 (0%)

1.000

AmpC beta-lactamases

 FOX-7

11 (100%)

6 (100%)

NA

ESBL

 CTXM-2

11 (100%)

6 (100%)

NA

 SHV

11 (100%)

6 (100%)

NA

 OXA-1

7 (64%)

2 (33%)

0.335

 CTXM-15

6 (55%)

4 (67%)

1.000

 TEM

6 (55%)

3 (50%)

1.000

 OXA-9

6 (55%)

1 (17%)

0.304^c