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Table 1 Colonization of European LTCF residents with MRSA and ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae

From: Review on colonization of residents and staff in Italian long-term care facilities by multidrug-resistant bacteria compared with other European countries

Country, year

Residents/LTCFs (number)

Specimen type

MRSA % (range %)

ESBL % (range %)

Referencesa

Sweden, 2008

495/9

Rectal

0.0

3.0

[54]b

Sweden, 2010

163/1

Catheter Urine

 

0.6

[55]

Sweden, 2014

91/10

Rectal

 

11

[56]b

Netherlands, 2009

1268/12

Nasal

0.3

 

[57]

Netherlands, 2012–14

4763 (MRSA), 5421 (ESBL)/107

Nasal (MRSA) Urine (ESBL, E. coli)

0.3

2.2

[51]

Germany, 2009

1827/32

Nasal and/or wound

7.6 (0–18.6)

 

[45]

Germany, 2010–11

240/11

Rectal

 

9.6 (0–30)

[18]

Germany, 2012

150/8

MRSA: nasal, pharyngeal ESBL: perineal

9.2

26.7

[8]

Germany, 2013

690/26 (MRSA), 455/26 (ESBL)

Nasal, pharyngeal, perineal

6.5

17.8

[7]

Germany, 2013–14

2858/65

Nasal, pharyngeal

4.8 (0–26.7)

 

[46]

Germany, 2013–14

156/31

Rectal

 

14.7

[19]

Luxembourg, 2010

954/19

Nasal, pharyngeal

7.2 (0–16)

 

[49]

Slovenia, 2001–02

107/1

Nasal and skin

9.3

 

[10]

France, 2004

109/1

Nasal, rectal

37.6

 

[52]

France, 2013

1155/38

Rectal or urine

 

9.9 (0.0–28.6)

[58]

Belgium, 2005

2953/60

Nasal, pharyngeal, wound, urine

19.5 (2.0–42.9)

 

[47]

Belgium, 2011

2791/60

Nasal, pharyngeal, wound, rectal

12.2 (0–36)

6.2 (0–20)

[6]

Spain, 2003

413/4

Nasal, skin

22.5 (17.2–35.5)

 

[59]

Spain, 2005

1377/9

Nasal

16.8 (6.7–35.8)

 

[60]

Spain, 2009–10

744/17

Nasal

19.6

 

[61]

UK, 2005

715/39

Nasal

22.2 (0–50)

 

[42]

UK, 2005–07

3037/69

Nasal

20 (19–21)

 

[43]

UK, 2006–09

2492/65

Nasal

20.5

 

[44]

Ireland, 2004–06

294/16

Rectal (only E. coli)

 

40.5 (0–75)

[17]

Ireland, 2005–06

1111/45

Nasal

23.3 (0–73)

 

[9]

Ireland, 2012–13

64/1

Nasal, rectal, urine

27

55

[4]b

  1. aAll studies are point prevalence studies, except three (b) that follow residents over three months [56], two years [54] or one year [4], respectively