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Table 3 Missed opportunitiesa for patient isolation (May – October 2014)

From: Utilization of paediatric isolation facilities in a TB-endemic setting

Pathogen type and species

Missed isolation (Non-isolated patients with pathogens warranting isolation)

May

June

July

August

Sept.

Oct.

Study period

bMDR bacteria

 

 Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)

3

0

0

1

2

1

7

 Carbapenem-resistant A. baumanni (CRAB)

0

1

0

0

0

2

3

 MDR P. aeruginosa (MDR PA)

0

0

0

1

2

1

4

 Extended spectrum B-lactamase producing (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae

8

8

5

4

1

3

29

c M. tuberculosis

 

 Drug-susceptible (DS)

2

0

3

3

3

5

16

 Drug-resistant (DR)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Enteric viruses

 

 Hepatitis A

3

4

5

7

2

2

23

 Rotavirus and/or enteric Adenovirus

0

2

2

1

0

0

5

Respiratory viruses

 

 Respiratory syncytial virus A/B

9

5

2

2

0

1

19

 Adenovirus

2

2

3

3

3

1

14

dOther respiratory viruses

0

3

4

2

2

4

15

Missed patient isolation episodesa

27

25

24

24

15

20

135

Inappropriate isolation room use (days)e

29

77

7

30

27

1

171

  1. aMissed patient isolation opportunities = patients with pathogens warranting isolation that were not isolated plus days of delay in patients with delayed isolation; multiple laboratory isolates of the same pathogen from 1/more sites was considered a single infection episode warranting patient isolation
  2. bMultidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated from a clinical specimen (blood culture, urine, tissue, pus, wound swab, catheter tip) as per proposed definitions [12] (including methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA], carbapenem-resistant A. baumanni [CRAB], MDR P. aeruginosa [MDR PA] and extended spectrum B-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae [ESBL])
  3. c M. tuberculosis (M.tb) = any form of drug-susceptible (DS) or drug-resistant (DR) M.tb isolated on GeneXpert, smear microscopy or TB culture; Viruses included gastrointestinal and respiratory pathogens identified by rapid assays, ELISA or PCR panels
  4. dOther respiratory viruses warranting isolation and transmission-based precautions = human rhinovirus, parainfluenza 1/2/3, Influenza A/B and human metapneumovirus
  5. eInappropriate isolation room use = total days when isolation rooms were used for inappropriate purposes i.e. without a clinical indication, failure to de-isolate after laboratory testing identified no pathogens or pathogens that did not warrant isolation