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Table 1 Summary of reported mortality from literature

From: Mortality and Clostridium difficile infection: a review

Author

Study type

Country

30-day mortality

Mortality at endpoint (other)

Participants

Arvand, Hauri, Zaiss, Witte & Bettge-Weller (2009)

Prospective multicentre

Germany

25%

-

41

Bhangu, Bhangu, Nightingale & Michael (2010)

Cohort

UK

38%

-

158

Bishara, Peled, Pitlik & Samra (2008)

Case control

Israel

15% case

-

Total 217

   

11.5% control (NS)

 

52 cases

Cadena et al. (2010)

Cohort

US

16%

29% at 90 days

129

Chung et al. (2010)

Cohort

Taiwan

23.3%

37.2% IHM

86

Cloud, Noddin, Pressman, Hu & Kelly (2009)

Cohort

US

-

12.1% IHM

272

Dubberke et al. (2008)

Case control

US

-

38% cases at 180 days

Cohort = 18,050 390 cases

    

12% non-cases at 180 days

 

Fenner et al. (2008)

Cohort

Switzerland

9%

-

78 cases

Gasperino et al. (2010)

Cohort

US

16% cases, 5% controls

20% cases IHM (cases)

216,108 cases

    

8% IHM (controls)

 

Gravel et al. (2009)

Prospective multicentre

Canada

16.3%

-

1430

   

5.7% attributable

  

Gulihar, Nixon, Jenkins & Taylor (2009)

Cohort

UK

19% (cases)

67% cases at 180 days

170 cases

   

9% match cohort

29% matched cohort at 180 days

3,247 matches

Karas, Enoch & Aliyu (2010)

Review

UK

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Kenneally et al. (2007)

Cohort

US

36.7%

-

278

   

6.1% attributable

  

Labbe et al. (2008)

Cohort

Canada

23.9%

-

230

Loo et al. (2005)

Prospective multicentre

Canada

24.8%

-

1703

   

6.9% attributable

  

Lyytikainen et al. (2009)

Cohort

Finland

-

14% at 30 days post-discharge

8 093

Marra, Edmond, Wenzel & Bearman (2007)

Cohort

US

 

17.2% at 14 days

58

    

27.6% IHM

 

McGowan et al. (2011)

Cohort

UK

35.5%

13.4% at 7 days

2,571

    

20% at 14 days

 
    

58.7% at 1 year

 

Musher et al. (2005)

Prospective observational

US

-

27% at 90 days

207

Pant et al. (2010)

Cohort

US

13.6%

-

184

Shears, Prtak & Duckworth (2010)

Cohort

UK

24.7%

30.0% at 90 days

227

Sundram et al. (2009)

Case control

UK

14.4% at 28 days (extrapolated)

11% at 3 days (027)

97 cases

    

3% at 3 days (106)

97 controls

Wilson et al. (2010)

Cohort

UK

35.9%

-

128

Zilberberg, Shorr, Micek, Doherty & Kollef (2009)

Cohort. Secondary analysis of Kenneally et al. (2007)

US

26.9% <65 years

-

278

   

45.2% >65

  
  1. Note. IHM = in-hospital mortality.